Valmiki Ramayana 2.102.41 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 102, Shloka 41

पितृमरणश्रवणं जलक्रिया च

Hearing of Daśaratha’s death and the libation rites at Mandākinī

Devanagari script

तेन वित्रासिता नागाः करेणुपरिवारिताः।आवासयन्तो गन्धेन जग्मुरन्यद्वनं ततः।।।।

Transliteration

tena vitrāsitā nāgāḥ kareṇu-parivāritāḥ |

āvāsayanto gandhena jagmur anyad vanaṃ tataḥ ||

Translation

اس شور سے ہاتھی گھبرا گئے؛ مادہ ہاتھیوں کے جھرمٹ میں گھرے ہوئے، وہ وہاں سے دوسرے جنگل کی طرف چل پڑے، اور مد کے رس کی خوشبو سے راستہ مہکا دیتے تھے۔

Word by Word

• तेन: by that (sound)
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter); सर्वनाम

• वित्रासिताः: frightened
• वित्रासिताः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वित्रासित (कृदन्त; √त्रस् धातु, वि- उपसर्ग)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); विशेषण (नागाः)

• नागाः: elephants
• नागाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)

• करेणुपरिवारिताः: surrounded by female elephants
• करेणुपरिवारिताः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: करेणु-परिवारित (कृदन्त; √वृ धातु, परि- उपसर्ग)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (करेणुभिः परिवारिताः), क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; विशेषण (नागाः)

• आवासयन्तः: making (the place) smell, scenting
• आवासयन्तः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आवासयत् (कृदन्त; √वास् धातु, आ- causative)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त/शतृ (Present active participle), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; क्रियाविशेषण-भाव (concomitant action)

• गन्धेन: with odor (of ichor)
• गन्धेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine)

• जग्मुः: went
• जग्मुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्/परिपूर्णभूत (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• अन्यत्: another
• अन्यत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter); विशेषण (वनम्)

• वनम्: forest
• वनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter)

• ततः: from there/then
• ततः: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय; तद्-तसिल्)
• Form: अव्यय; अपादानार्थक/देश-निर्देशक (ablatival adverb: from there/thereafter)

Context

Frightened by the sound, the elephants followed by their females, spreading all the way the odour of the ichor, moved to other forests.

Characters & Entities

• nāga (elephants)
• vana (forest)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse frames moral crisis as affecting even the natural world: when dharma is disturbed in society, harmony is shaken broadly—here symbolized by animals fleeing.

What is the narrative situation?

The commotion of the crowds is so intense that elephants retreat from the area into deeper forest.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Public urgency (though not named here) driven by devotion to Rāma and distress at adharma.