Valmiki Ramayana 2.101.4 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 101, Shloka 4

भरतस्य धर्मनिश्चयः

Bharata Affirms Lineage-Dharma and Urges Rama’s Coronation

Devanagari script

राजानं मानुषं प्राहु र्देवत्वे सम्मतो मम।यस्य धर्मार्थसहितं वृत्तमाहुरमानुषम्।।2.101.4।।

Transliteration

rājānaṃ mānuṣaṃ prāhur devatve sammato mama | yasya dharmārthasahitaṃ vṛttam āhur amānuṣam || 2.101.4 ||

Translation

لوگ راجا کو انسان کہتے ہیں؛ مگر میرے نزدیک وہ دیوتا کے مانند تھا، کیونکہ اس کا چال چلن—دھرم اور ارتھ کے ساتھ—ایسا تھا کہ اسے انسانوں سے ماورا کہا جاتا ہے۔

Word by Word

• rājānam: the king
• rājānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative), Ekavacana

• mānuṣam: human
• mānuṣam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mānuṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; qualifies rājānam

• prāhuḥ: they say
• prāhuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-ah (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ lakāra (Perfect), Prathama puruṣa, Bahuvacana; Parasmaipada

• devatve: in divinity; as divine
• devatve: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: devatva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Saptamī (Locative), Ekavacana

• sammataḥ: is regarded; approved
• sammataḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-man (धातु)
• Form: Kta (क्त) past participle, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate of rājā (understood)

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive), Ekavacana

• yasya: whose
• yasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive), Ekavacana; relative pronoun

• dharmārthasahitam: accompanied by dharma and artha
• dharmārthasahitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma-artha-sahita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; samāsa: dharma + artha + sahita; qualifies vṛttam

• vṛttam: conduct
• vṛttam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vṛtta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā (Accusative), Ekavacana

• āhuḥ: they call; they say
• āhuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ah (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ lakāra (Perfect), Prathama puruṣa, Bahuvacana; Parasmaipada

• amānuṣam: superhuman
• amānuṣam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: amānuṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; predicate adjective for vṛttam

Context

Other think the king to be a human, but to me, he is divine since his conduct and the statecraft are superhuman as they are in conformity with righteousness.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Bharata
• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

True greatness in kingship is measured by rajadharma—conduct that harmonizes righteousness (dharma) with responsible governance (artha).

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata is speaking to Rama in the forest, praising Daśaratha’s exemplary life while conveying the gravity of events after Rama’s exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Daśaratha’s integrity in rule—his disciplined, dharma-aligned conduct that appears ‘superhuman’ in moral stature.