Valmiki Ramayana 2.1.47 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 47

गुणप्रशंसा–युवराजनिर्णयः

Praise of Rama’s Virtues and the Decision on the Heir-Apparent

Devanagari script

तान्वेश्मनानाभरणैर्यथाऽर्हं प्रतिपूजितान्।।।।ददर्शालङ्कृतो राजा प्रजापतिरिव प्रजाः।

Transliteration

tān veśmanānābharaṇair yathārhaṃ pratipūjitān |

dadarśālaṅkṛto rājā prajāpatir iva prajāḥ ||

Translation

جنہیں رہائش گاہوں اور زیورات کے ساتھ، ان کے مرتبے کے مطابق، پوری تعظیم دی گئی تھی؛ خود آراستہ بادشاہ نے انہیں یوں دیکھا جیسے پرجاپتی اپنی مخلوقات کے درمیان جلوہ گر ہو۔

Word by Word

• तान्: them
• तान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (pronoun/सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• वेś्म: with houses/dwellings
• वेś्म: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: veśman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन) — in compound context

• नाना: various
• नाना: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nānā (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable/अव्यय), adjective-like modifier meaning 'various'

• आभरणैः: with ornaments
• आभरणैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ābharaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• यथा: as / according to
• यथा: Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable/अव्यय), adverbial particle

• अर्हम्: befittingly
• अर्हम्: Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: arha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva usage: yathā + arham → yathārham; here resolved as arham, used adverbially (योग्यतया)

• प्रतिपूजितान्: honoured / received respectfully
• प्रतिपूजितान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prati-pūj (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kṛdanta past passive participle (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with तान्

• ददर्श: saw / beheld
• ददर्श: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• अलङ्कृतः: adorned
• अलङ्कृतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: alaṅ-kṛ (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kṛdanta past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with राजा

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• प्रजापतिः: Prajāpati (Brahmā)
• प्रजापतिः: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prajā-pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष): prajānām patiḥ; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• इव: like
• इव: Upamā (उपमा-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable/अव्यय), simile particle (उपमा-वाचक)

• प्रजाः: the people
• प्रजाः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prajā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

Context

The king who received them in a befitting manner and provided them with residence and ornaments looked like lord Brahma adorned by the people.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Prajāpati (Brahmā)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Atithi-dharma and royal duty: honouring guests and allies appropriately (yathārham) is a moral and political obligation of a righteous king.

What is the narrative situation?

Those invited are formally welcomed, given fitting accommodation and honours; Daśaratha then views the assembled dignitaries in the court.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Generosity and propriety—Daśaratha’s careful, rank-appropriate respect toward guests.