Shloka 4

Narasiṃha’s Greatness and the Slaying of Hiraṇyakaśipu

Boon, Portents, and Cosmic Restoration

Devanagari script

वृतः शमदमाभ्यां च ब्रह्मचर्येण चैव हि । ब्रह्मा प्रीतोऽभवत्तस्य तपसा नियमेन च

Transliteration

vṛtaḥ śamadamābhyāṃ ca brahmacaryeṇa caiva hi | brahmā prīto'bhavattasya tapasā niyamena ca

Translation

شَم اور دَم سے آراستہ، اور برہ्मچریہ میں قائم، اس نے اپنے تپسیا اور نِیَم کے ذریعے برہما کو خوش کر دیا۔

Word by Word

• वृतः: practised/observed; endowed with
• वृतः: Karta (कर्ता) (विषय-विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत (धातु √वृ/वृञ्, क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि/भूतकाले क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः (past passive participle); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; (अर्थः: ‘वृतः’ = ‘वृतवान्/आवृतः/अनुष्ठितः’ संदर्भानुसार)

• शमदमाभ्याम्: by tranquillity and self-control
• शमदमाभ्याम्: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शम (प्रातिपदिक) + दम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्वसमासः (शमः च दमः च); नपुंसकलिङ्ग (समाहार-द्वन्द्व), तृतीया (3rd/करण), द्विवचन (instrumental dual)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• ब्रह्मचर्येण: by celibacy/continence
• ब्रह्मचर्येण: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मचर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• हि: for/indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/खल्वर्थ-प्रायः (for/indeed)

• ब्रह्मा: Brahmā
• ब्रह्मा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• प्रीतः: pleased
• प्रीतः: Karta (कर्ता) (विषय-विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्री (धातु √प्री, क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः (past participle, adjectival); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; (ब्रह्मणः विशेषणम्)

• अभवत्: became/was
• अभवत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु √भू)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• तस्य: of him/of that (person)
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• तपसा: by austerity
• तपसा: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), एकवचन

• नियमेन: by discipline/observance
• नियमेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नियम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

Speaker

Narrator (context not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: प्रीतोऽभवत् = प्रीतः + अभवत्; अभवत्तस्य = अभवत् + तस्य (त् + त -> त्त).

Characters & Entities

• Brahmā

FAQs

What spiritual practices are highlighted in this verse?

The verse highlights śama (inner calm), dama (sense-restraint), brahmacarya (celibate discipline), tapas (austerity), and niyama (regulated observances) as practices that lead to divine favor.

How does this verse portray Brahmā’s response to discipline?

It presents Brahmā as becoming pleased (prītaḥ) when a practitioner is steady in ethical restraint and sustained austerity, implying that sincere self-discipline bears spiritual fruit.

What is the ethical lesson conveyed here?

Ethical mastery of mind and senses, coupled with disciplined living and austerity, is portrayed as a reliable path to spiritual attainment and the approval of higher divine principles.