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Shloka 92

The Greatness of the Ancestors: Ekoddiṣṭa Śrāddha, Āśauca Rules, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa

उवाच दीनया वाचा किमेतदिति पुत्रकाः । अधर्म एष वः पुत्रा पिता तानित्युवाच ह

uvāca dīnayā vācā kimetaditi putrakāḥ | adharma eṣa vaḥ putrā pitā tānityuvāca ha

اس نے غمگین آواز میں کہا، "میرے بیٹو، یہ کیا ہے؟" پھر باپ نے ان سے کہا، "بیٹو، یہ تمہاری طرف سے ادھرم (ناانصافی) ہے۔"

उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect); प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
दीनयाwith a pitiable
दीनया:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन — qualifies वाचा
वाचाspeech, voice
वाचा:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootवाच् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन
किम्what
किम्:
Karma (Predicate content/वाक्यार्थ)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम, प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — interrogative used predicatively
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma (Predicate content/वाक्यार्थ)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम, प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — demonstrative
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Quotation marker/इति)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/वाक्यसमाप्तिसूचक अव्यय (quotative particle)
पुत्रकाःO sons, dear children
पुत्रकाः:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन — संबोधनार्थे प्रथमा (vocative sense)
अधर्मःunrighteousness
अधर्मः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta (Apposition/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम, प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally
वःof you
वः:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम, प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन — enclitic genitive "of you"
पुत्राःO sons
पुत्राः:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन — संबोधनार्थे प्रथमा (vocative sense)
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
तान्them
तान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम, प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), बहुवचन
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Quotation marker/इति)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/वाक्यसमाप्तिसूचक अव्यय (quotative particle)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect); प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
indeed, (narrative)
:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootह (अव्यय)
Formस्मरण/प्रसिद्ध्यर्थक निपात (particle, narrative)

Father (unnamed in this single verse excerpt)

Concept: Spiritual striving that violates duty to parents becomes adharma.

Application: Do not justify neglect of family responsibilities in the name of spirituality; integrate practice with compassion and duty.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: forest

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"An aged ascetic father, thin from austerity, speaks with a trembling, sorrow-laden voice, palms slightly raised in admonition. Before him stand his sons, caught between ambition and conscience, as the forest seems to hush around the word ‘adharma’.","primary_figures":["father (aged forest ascetic)","sons"],"setting":"outside a small leaf-thatched hut, with a worn water pot and staff, kusa grass underfoot","lighting_mood":"temple lamp-lit","color_palette":["smoky amber","dark umber","saffron brown","muted olive","pale ash"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: close, iconic composition of the father admonishing his sons, embossed gold leaf on the father’s aura and on the word-symbol of dharma (a small golden scale motif), rich maroon background, traditional ornamentation kept minimal to emphasize austerity.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: intimate moral drama with delicate facial expressions—father’s moist eyes, sons’ conflicted gaze—soft forest greens and browns, fine brushwork on garments and foliage, quiet negative space to convey gravity.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: strong outlines, the father’s expressive eyes and hand gesture of warning, warm red and yellow tones with green forest bands, stylized hut and ritual objects, didactic temple-wall mood.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: narrative panel framed by lotus borders, central father figure in ascetic simplicity, symbolic dharma motifs (conch, chakra faintly in border) hinting Vaiṣṇava ethics, deep blue and gold accents subdued for solemnity."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"dramatic","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"slow-meditative","voice_tone":"emotional","sound_elements":["low temple bell","crackling fire fading","wind through trees","long pauses","distant conch"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: किमेतदिति = किम् + एतत् + इति; अधर्म एष = अधर्मः + एषः; तानित्युवाच = तान् + इति + उवाच.

FAQs

It condemns adharma explicitly: the father identifies the sons’ action as unrighteous and calls them to moral accountability.

A father addressing his sons; the specific identity is not given in this isolated verse.

Alongside creation-era narratives, the Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa frequently embeds dharma-instruction through brief dialogues that frame conduct as righteous or unrighteous.