Shloka 63

Instruction on All Dharma

in the context of Rāma’s Aśvamedha

Devanagari script

इत्येवमादयो धर्मा गदिता ऋषिभिस्तदा । श्रुता रामेण महता सर्वलोकहितैषिणा

Transliteration

ityevamādayo dharmā gaditā ṛṣibhistadā | śrutā rāmeṇa mahatā sarvalokahitaiṣiṇā

Translation

یوں یہ اور ایسے دیگر دھرم کے فرائض اُس وقت رِشیوں نے بیان کیے۔ انہیں سب جہانوں کی بھلائی چاہنے والے عظیم رام نے سنا۔

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotation particle (इति-प्रयोगः), indeclinable (अव्यय)

• evam: in this manner
• evam: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण), indeclinable (अव्यय)

• ādayaḥ: and others (etc.)
• ādayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) plural (बहुवचन); ‘etc., and others’

• dharmāḥ: duties, dharmas
• dharmāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) plural (बहुवचन)

• gaditāḥ: were spoken
• gaditāḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gad (गद्) + kta (क्त) (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (कर्मणि भूतकृदन्त/क्त-प्रत्यय), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) plural (बहुवचन); agrees with ‘dharmāḥ’

• ṛṣibhiḥ: by sages
• ṛṣibhiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) plural (बहुवचन)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Adhikarana (अधिकरण: काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Temporal adverb (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण), indeclinable (अव्यय)

• śrutāḥ: were heard
• śrutāḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śru (श्रु) + kta (क्त) (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (कर्मणि भूतकृदन्त/क्त-प्रत्यय), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) plural (बहुवचन); understood object ‘dharmāḥ’

• rāmeṇa: by Rama
• rāmeṇa: Kartr̥ (कर्ता) (in passive construction: agent in instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) singular (एकवचन)

• mahatā: great
• mahatā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying ‘rāmeṇa’

• sarva-loka-hita-eṣiṇā: seeking the welfare of all worlds
• sarva-loka-hita-eṣiṇā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक) + hita (प्रातिपदिक) + eṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) singular (एकवचन); compound adjective qualifying ‘rāmeṇa’; ‘hita-eṣin’ = one who seeks welfare; with genitive-relation inside compound

Speaker

Narrator (continuation of the sages’ discourse; specific primary dialogue pair not explicit in this verse)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: city

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: ityevamādayaḥ = iti + evam + ādayaḥ; ṛṣibhistadā = ṛṣibhiḥ + tadā; sarvalokahitaiṣiṇā = sarva-loka-hita-eṣiṇā (compound).

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Ṛṣis (sages)

FAQs

What is the central message of this verse?

It highlights the transmission of dharma from sages to Rāma and portrays Rāma as an ideal ruler/listener who seeks the welfare of all beings.

Who is described as ‘sarvalokahitaiṣiṇā’ and why is it significant?

Rāma is described as ‘one who seeks the good of all worlds,’ emphasizing the Purāṇic ideal of leadership grounded in universal welfare and righteousness.

What ethical lesson does this verse convey for readers?

It teaches that dharma should be learned from wise authorities and applied with an intention toward the common good rather than personal gain.