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Shloka 44

Yama’s Journey to Brahmaloka

Ekadashi–Dvadashi Mahatmya in the Rukmangada Cycle

अहोरात्रैस्तथा पक्षैर्मासैः संवत्सरैर्द्विजाः । कलाकाष्ठानिमेषैश्च ऋतुभिश्चायनैर्युगैः ॥ ४४ ॥

ahorātraistathā pakṣairmāsaiḥ saṃvatsarairdvijāḥ | kalākāṣṭhānimeṣaiśca ṛtubhiścāyanairyugaiḥ || 44 ||

اے دو بار جنم لینے والو! زمانہ دن اور رات، پکش، ماہ اور سموتسر سے ناپا جاتا ہے؛ نیز کلا، کاشٹھا اور نمیش سے بھی، اور رتُو، اَیَن اور یُگوں سے بھی۔

अहः-रात्रैःby days and nights
अहः-रात्रैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअहः (प्रातिपदिक) + रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (अहः) + स्त्रीलिङ्ग (रात्रि) समाहार-द्वन्द्व; तृतीया, बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)
तथाand also
तथा:
Sambandha (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/अनुक्रमसूचक
पक्षैःby fortnights
पक्षैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)
मासैःby months
मासैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)
संवत्सरैःby years
संवत्सरैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)
द्विजाःO twice-born (brahmins)
द्विजाः:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (Nominative plural); सम्बोधनार्थे अपि प्रायः (here: vocative sense ‘O twice-born’)
कला-काष्ठा-निमेषैःby kalās, kāṣṭhās, and nimeṣas
कला-काष्ठा-निमेषैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकला (प्रातिपदिक) + काष्ठा (प्रातिपदिक) + निमेष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (कला/काष्ठा) + पुंलिङ्ग (निमेष) समाहार-द्वन्द्व; तृतीया, बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)
and
:
Sambandha (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
ऋतुभिःby seasons
ऋतुभिः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootऋतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)
and
:
Sambandha (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय
अयनैःby solstices/half-years (ayanas)
अयनैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअयन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)
युगैःby ages (yugas)
युगैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयुग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (Instrumental plural)

Narada (instructional narration addressed to dvijas)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

It frames time itself as a dharmic structure—multiple layers of temporal units that support right observance, reminding practitioners that sacred acts gain potency when aligned with proper time.

Bhakti is practiced through regular, time-bound disciplines—daily worship, fortnightly observances, seasonal rites, and yuga-oriented remembrance—so the verse underlines devotion as steady practice anchored in sacred time.

It points to Jyotiṣa (Vedāṅga astronomy/astrology and calendrics) by listing calendrical divisions like pakṣa, ṛtu, āyana, and yuga, which are essential for fixing vrata dates and ritual timing.