Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 67

The Description of the Caturdaśī Vrata Observed throughout the Twelve Months

Devanagari script

अनर्काभ्युदिते काले स्नात्वा संतर्पयेद्यमम् । द्विसप्तनामभिः प्रोक्तैः सर्वपापविमुक्तये ॥ ६७ ॥

Transliteration

anarkābhyudite kāle snātvā saṃtarpayedyamam | dvisaptanāmabhiḥ proktaiḥ sarvapāpavimuktaye || 67 ||

Translation

جب سورج بغیر بادلوں کے ڈھکے ہوئے طلوع ہو، تب غسل کرکے یم کو ترپن کرے۔ بیان کیے گئے دو-سبت (چودہ) ناموں سے ترپن کرنے پر تمام گناہوں سے نجات ملتی ہے۔

Word by Word

• अनर्क-अभ्युदिते: when the sun has not risen
• अनर्क-अभ्युदिते: अधिकरण (Time/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनर्क (प्रातिपदिक) + अभ्युदित (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (अनर्के अभ्युदिते = ‘when the sun is not risen’)

• काले: at the time
• काले: अधिकरण (Time/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन

• स्नात्वा: having bathed
• स्नात्वा: पूर्वक्रिया (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्ना (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund), धातु: स्ना

• संतर्पयेत्: should propitiate (offer libations to)
• संतर्पयेत्: विधेयक्रिया (Predicate action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + तृप् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; causative sense ‘to satisfy/offer libation’ (सन्तर्पयति)

• यमम्: Yama
• यमम्: कर्म (Karma/Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• द्वि-सप्त-नामभिः: with fourteen names
• द्वि-सप्त-नामभिः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + सप्त (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; द्विगु-समास (द्विसप्त = 14) + नामभिः = ‘with fourteen names’

• प्रोक्तैः: that are stated
• प्रोक्तैः: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र + वच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle/कृत), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; ‘having been stated’ (agreeing with नामभिः)

• सर्व-पाप-विमुक्तये: for liberation from all sins
• सर्व-पाप-विमुक्तये: प्रयोजन (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + पाप (प्रातिपदिक) + विमुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (सर्वेषां पापानां विमुक्तिः)

Speaker

Narada (teaching the Sanatkumara brothers in an instructional, ritual context)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Yama-tarpaṇa (rite within the Māgha kṛṣṇa caturdaśī context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Characters & Entities

• Yama
• Arka (Sun)

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It frames Yama-tarpana as a dharmic purification act: bathing and offering libations with prescribed names is presented as a direct means for sarva-pāpa-vimukti (release from accumulated sin).

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

While not explicitly bhakti-centric, it supports devotional life by prescribing ritual purity and moral order (dharma) as foundations; honoring Yama as the regulator of karma strengthens accountability that complements Vishnu-bhakti practice.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Kalā/auspicious timing and ritual procedure are emphasized—performing tarpana after snāna at a specific observable time (clear sunrise) reflects applied Jyotiṣa-like time-sense and Kalpa-style ritual discipline.