Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 42

The Explanation of the Twelve-Month Caturthī Vrata

Devanagari script

विप्राय बटवे दद्याद्गंधपुष्पार्चिताय च । तंडुला वैश्वदैवत्या हरदैवत्यमिश्रिताः ॥ ४२ ॥

Transliteration

viprāya baṭave dadyādgaṃdhapuṣpārcitāya ca | taṃḍulā vaiśvadaivatyā haradaivatyamiśritāḥ || 42 ||

Translation

خوشبو اور پھولوں سے اَर्चِت برہمن یا بٹُک (برہماچاری) کو دان دے؛ چاول وِشْوے دیووں کے لیے سنسکرت ہوں اور ہَر (شیوا) کے لیے نذر شدہ شے سے ملے ہوں۔

Word by Word

• विप्राय: to a brāhmaṇa
• विप्राय: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन (Singular)

• बटवे: to a young brahmacārin (boy)
• बटवे: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बटु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन (Singular)

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• गन्ध-पुष्प-अर्चिताय: to one worshipped with fragrance and flowers
• गन्ध-पुष्प-अर्चिताय: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Recipient)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गन्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + पुष्प (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्चित (अर्च्-धातु, क्त; कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन (Singular); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त ‘अर्चित’ = worshipped; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (गन्धैः पुष्पैः अर्चितः)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• तण्डुलाः: rice grains
• तण्डुलाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तण्डुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• वैश्व-दैवत्याः: belonging to the Viśvedevas
• वैश्व-दैवत्याः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वैश्व (प्रातिपदिक) + दैवत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); समासः—तत्पुरुषः (विश्वदेवताः यस्य/येषां)

• हर-दैवत्य-मिश्रिताः: mixed with (that) of Hara (Śiva) as deity
• हर-दैवत्य-मिश्रिताः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हर (प्रातिपदिक) + दैवत्य (प्रातिपदिक) + मिश्रित (मिश्र्-धातु, क्त; कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त ‘मिश्रित’ = mixed; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (हरदैवत्येन मिश्रिताः)

Speaker

Narada

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhakti

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Vishvedevas
• Hara (Shiva)

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It frames charity (dāna) as a sanctified act: honoring a worthy recipient with fragrance and flowers and then giving consecrated rice, thereby converting a material gift into ritual merit (puṇya) through deity-linked intention.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Bhakti is expressed here through reverential service—worshipful honoring (arcana) of the recipient and offering food-grains with a deity-conscious dedication, turning giving into devotional remembrance rather than mere social generosity.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

It reflects Kalpa-style ritual procedure: recipient qualification (brāhmaṇa/brahmacārin), preliminary honor (gandha-puṣpa arcana), and deity-specific consecration (Viśvedevas/Hara) governing how the offering is prepared and given.