Shloka 29

Adhyaya 9 — Lineage of Manus

Sanskrit

तपो विघ्नस्य कर्तारौ कामक्रोधवशं गतौ ।

परित्यजत भद्रं वो ब्रह्म हि प्रचुरं बलम् ॥

Transliteration

tapo vighnasya kartārau kāmakrodhavaśaṃ gatau / parityajata bhadraṃ vo brahma hi pracuraṃ balam

Translation

تم دونوں خواہش اور غضب کے زیرِ اثر آ کر تپسیا میں رکاوٹ ڈالنے والے بن گئے ہو۔ اسے ترک کرو—تمہارا بھلا ہو؛ کیونکہ برہمن/برہم-تیج ہی عظیم قوت ہے۔

Word by Word

• tapaḥ: austerity, penance
• tapaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tapas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• vighnasya: of the obstacle
• vighnasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vighna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• kartārau: two doers/agents
• kartārau: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), द्विवचन (Dual)

• kāma-krodha-vaśam: the sway/control of desire and anger
• kāma-krodha-vaśam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāma (प्रातिपदिक) + krodha (प्रातिपदिक) + vaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (Genitive Tatpurusha) ‘कामा-क्रोधयोः वशः’

• gatau: having gone, having come under
• gatau: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (गम् धातु) + gata (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (Past participle), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), द्विवचन (Dual)

• parityajata: abandon (you all)!
• parityajata: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-√tyaj (त्यज् धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• bhadram: good fortune, auspiciousness
• bhadram: Sambodhana/Prayojana (सम्बोधन/आशीः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhadra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); आशीर्वादार्थक-प्रयोग (benedictive usage)

• vaḥ: for you / of you
• vaḥ: Sampradana/Sambandha (सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), षष्ठी/चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Genitive/Dative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• brahma: Brahman; sacred power (brahma)
• brahma: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• hi: indeed, for
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), अवधान/हेतु (emphasis/causal nuance)

• pracuram: abundant, great
• pracuram: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pracura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (adjective) to ‘balam’

• balam: strength, power
• balam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

Speakers

• Brahmā admonishing Vasiṣṭha and Kauśika

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā

Key Themes

• Tapas
• Kāma and krodha as downfalls
• Ethics of ascetic power
• Self-mastery

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The core ethic is self-governance: desire and anger turn even holy power into an anti-spiritual force (vighna). True brahman-strength is stable and beneficent, not reactive and destructive.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Carita with didactic dharma teaching embedded—ethical instruction delivered within a narrative event.

What is the esoteric significance?

Tapas is inner heat that refines; kāma-krodha are distortions of that heat. When the same ‘fire’ is misdirected, it burns the practitioner and the world—hence Brahmā’s call to redirect power into brahman (integrated spiritual force).