Shloka 16

Adhyaya 78 — Hymn to Surya and the Distribution of Solar Splendour; Genealogy of Vaivasvata and Chaya’s Line

Sanskrit

यत्तस्य ऋङ्मयṃ तेजो भविता तेन मेदिनी ।

यजुर्मयेनापि दिवं स्वर्गः साममयṃ रवॆः ॥

Transliteration

yat tasya ṛṅ-mayaṃ tejo bhavitā tena medinī | yajur-mayenāpi divaṃ svargaḥ sāma-mayaṃ raveḥ ||

Translation

اس کا جو نور رِگ کی ماہیت رکھتا تھا وہ زمین بن گیا۔ جو یجُر کی ماہیت تھا اس سے دِیو (آسمانی لوک) بنا؛ اور جو سامن کی ماہیت تھا وہ سورج بن گیا۔

Word by Word

• यत्: that which
• यत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

• तस्य: of him/that
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/षष्ठी), एकवचन

• ऋक्-मयम्: Ṛgvedic / made of Ṛg
• ऋक्-मयम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋक् (प्रातिपदिक) + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (constitutive): ‘ऋग्’ + ‘मय’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (to तेजः)

• तेजः: radiance
• तेजः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• भविता: will become
• भविता: Kriya (क्रिया/भविष्यदर्थ)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: तृच्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (agent noun/future sense: ‘one that will be’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; here used as भविष्यत्-भाव (will become)

• तेन: by that / through that
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), एकवचन

• मेदिनी: the earth
• मेदिनी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मेदिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• यजुः-मयेन: by/with the Yajurvedic (one)
• यजुः-मयेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यजुस् (प्रातिपदिक) + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (constitutive): ‘यजुस्’ + ‘मय’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; here instrumental as qualifier (‘with/by the Yajur-made [radiance]’)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-निपात (particle: ‘also/even’)

• दिवम्: heaven / the sky
• दिवम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (द्यौः; here ‘divam’ as acc sg), द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• स्वर्गः: Svarga (heaven)
• स्वर्गः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; appositional/subject in second clause

• साम-मयम्: Sāma-made / Sāmavedic
• साम-मयम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सामन् (प्रातिपदिक) + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (constitutive): ‘सामन्’ + ‘मय’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; (elliptically qualifying a neuter like तेजः)

• रवेः: of the Sun
• रवेः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रवि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speakers

• Markandeya (narrator)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devi (Supreme Goddess)
• Sun (Ravi)

Shakti Aspects

• Devi’s (or the supreme tejas’s) Vedic partitioning into cosmos

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Vedic correspondences
• Shaktism
• Sacralization of cosmos

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The cosmos is interpreted as structured by sacred order (Veda). This supports a dharmic worldview where nature and ritual correspond, encouraging reverence for earth, sky, and sun as sacred manifestations.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: an account of cosmic formation via the distribution of primordial power into worlds and luminaries.

What is the esoteric significance?

The mapping of Ṛg/Yajus/Sāman onto earth/heaven/sun encodes a triadic cosmology: speech-hymn (Ṛg), sacrificial action (Yajus), and melodic resonance (Sāman) as three modes of reality.