Shloka 39

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

दिवाकरः समाधिस्थो वडवारूपधारिणीम् ।

तपश्चरन्तीं ददृशे उत्तरेषु कुरुष्वथ ॥

Transliteration

divākaraḥ samādhistho vaḍavā-rūpa-dhāriṇīm / tapaś carantīṃ dadṛśe uttareṣu kuruṣv atha

Translation

دیواکر (سورج) مراقبے میں محو ہو کر اُتر کُروؤں میں گھوڑی کی صورت دھارے ہوئے اسے تپسیا کرتے دیکھنے لگا۔

Word by Word

• दिवाकरः: the Sun (Divākara)
• दिवाकरः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिवाकर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• समाधिस्थः: situated in meditation
• समाधिस्थः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (Agent-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समाधि-स्थ (प्रातिपदिक; स्थ = √स्था धातु-निष्पन्न)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (adjective) दिवाकरस्य

• वडवारूपधारिणीम्: (her) who bears the form of a mare
• वडवारूपधारिणीम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वडवा-रूप-धारिणी (प्रातिपदिक; धारिणी = √धृ धातोः कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; कर्मपदम्

• तपः: austerity, penance
• तपः: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; ‘चरन्तीम्’ इत्यस्य उपपद-सम्बन्धः (object of practice)

• चरन्तीम्: practising (doing)
• चरन्तीम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Object-qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर् (√चर् धातु) + शतृ (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकालिक-कर्तरि शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘वडवारूपधारिणीम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• ददृशे: saw
• ददृशे: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (√दृश् धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्

• उत्तरेषु: in the northern (regions)
• उत्तरेषु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (कुरुषु इत्यन्वयात्), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन; देश-निर्देशः

• कुरुषु: among the Kurus (in Kurukṣetra region)
• कुरुषु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), बहुवचन; जनपद/देशवाचक

• अथ: then
• अथ: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बोधक (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भसूचक (particle: then/now)

Speakers

• Narrative voice

Primary Deities

• Sūrya (Divākara)
• Saṃjñā (in mare-form)

Key Themes

• Tapas
• Samādhi
• Transformation/disguise
• Mythic geography (Uttara-Kuru)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Austerity is portrayed as a means to seek a more harmonious relationship with overwhelming power; self-discipline becomes a corrective response to suffering.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara/vaṃśa narrative with digressions into deśa (mythic geography): Uttara-Kuru situates the episode within Purāṇic cosmography.

What is the esoteric significance?

Mare-form suggests instinctual vitality harnessed for tapas; samādhi of the Sun implies that illumination ‘perceives’ the hidden ascetic effort within the psyche.