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Shloka 38

Adhyaya 50Mind-Born Progeny, Svayambhuva Manu’s Lineage, and Brahmā’s Ordinance to Duḥsaha (Alakṣmī’s Retinue)

तथैवान्यो गृहे पुंसां दुःसहो नाम विश्रुतः ।

क्षुत्क्षामोऽधोमुखो नग्रश्चीरी काकसमस्वनः ॥

tathaivānyo gṛhe puṃsāṃ duḥsaho nāma viśrutaḥ | kṣutkṣāmo 'dhomukho nagraścīrī kākasamasvanaḥ ||

اسی طرح انسانوں کے گھروں میں ایک اور ہستی ظاہر ہوئی جو ‘دُحسہ’ کے نام سے مشہور تھی۔ وہ بھوک سے نڈھال، سر جھکائے، برہنہ، چیتھڑوں میں ملبوس اور کوّے جیسی آواز والا دکھائی دیا۔

तथाthus
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/connecting adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable adverb)
एवindeed/just
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle/emphatic)
अन्यःanother (one)
अन्यः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
गृहेin the house
गृहे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootgṛha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case/Locative), एकवचन
पुंसाम्of men
पुंसाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootpuṃs (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case/Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural)
दुःसहःDuḥsaha (name)
दुःसहः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject; apposition to अन्यः)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥsaha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम (proper name/epithet)
नामby name
नाम:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/labeling)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāma (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle indicating naming: “by name”)
विश्रुतःwell-known
विश्रुतः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier of दुःसहः)
TypeAdjective
Rootviśruta (कृदन्त; √श्रु धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
क्षुत्-क्षामःemaciated by hunger
क्षुत्-क्षामः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier of दुःसहः)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣut + kṣāma (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formकर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अधोमुखःdown-faced, looking downward
अधोमुखः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootadhas + mukha (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (अधः + मुख); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
नग्रःnaked
नग्रः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnagna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
चीरीwearing rags/bark-garments
चीरी:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcīrin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (cīrī = cīrin)
काक-सम-स्वनःhaving a crow-like voice
काक-सम-स्वनः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkāka + sama + svana (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (काकसदृशः स्वनः यस्य); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
Narrative voice (continuation of the episode; direct speech begins later with Brahmā and Duḥsaha)

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaEthics of household lifeGuṇas (tamas)Social decay/neglect

FAQs

Duḥsaha is introduced as a visible embodiment of deprivation and degradation that can enter human dwellings—suggesting that neglect of dharma (order, cleanliness, right conduct, right offerings) invites tamasic conditions: squalor, hunger, shamelessness, and harsh speech.

Primarily Dharma/ācāra instruction by allegory rather than cosmography; secondarily touches Sarga-like motif (creation/emanation of a being) as a didactic device, but it is not a full sarga account.

The ‘downward face’ and crow-like voice symbolize consciousness pulled down by tamas—speech becomes inauspicious and mind turns earthward. The figure warns that inner impurity externalizes as disorder in one’s home and habits.