Shloka 14

Adhyaya 28 — Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties

Sanskrit

एकं द्वौ सकलान् वापि वेदान् प्राप्य गुरोर्मुखात् ।

अनुज्ञातोऽथ वन्दित्वा दक्षिणां गुरवे ततः ॥

Transliteration

ekaṃ dvau sakalān vāpi vedān prāpya guror mukhāt | anujñāto 'tha vanditvā dakṣiṇāṃ gurave tataḥ ||

Translation

گُرو کے دہنِ مبارک سے ایک، دو یا تمام ویدوں کا باقاعدہ مطالعہ کر کے، پھر اجازت ملنے پر سجدۂ تعظیم کرے، اور اس کے بعد گُرو کو دکشِنا پیش کرے۔

Word by Word

• एकम्: one
• एकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; numeral adjective qualifying 'वेदान्' (one Veda)

• द्वौ: two
• द्वौ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), द्विवचन; numeral adjective (two)

• सकलान्: all
• सकलान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sakala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; 'all/entire' qualifying 'वेदान्'

• वा: or
• वा: None (विकल्प)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, विकल्प (disjunctive particle: or)

• अपि: even/also
• अपि: None (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय/अपि-भाव (also/even)

• वेदान्: the Vedas
• वेदान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: veda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन

• प्राप्य: having obtained/learned
• प्राप्य: Kriyā (पूर्वकर्म/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra + √āp (आप् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund): 'having obtained/learned'

• गुरोः: of the teacher
• गुरोः: Sambandha (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन

• मुखात्: from (his) mouth
• मुखात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/ablative), एकवचन; idiomatically 'from the mouth' = from instruction

• अनुज्ञातः: permitted (to depart)
• अनुज्ञातः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anujñāta (अनु + √jñā धातु; क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; past passive participle: 'having been permitted/dismissed'

• अथ: then
• अथ: None (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अनुक्रम (then)

• वन्दित्वा: having saluted
• वन्दित्वा: Kriyā (पूर्वकर्म/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vand (वन्द् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund): 'having saluted'

• दक्षिणाम्: honorarium/gift (dakṣiṇā)
• दक्षिणाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dakṣiṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• गुरवे: to the teacher
• गुरवे: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/dative), एकवचन

• ततः: thereafter
• ततः: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रम/अपादानार्थ (then/thereafter)

Speakers

• Not specified in the provided excerpt (instructional voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Brahmacarya completion
• Vedic transmission (oral)
• Gratitude and reciprocity
• Saṃskāra and social ethics

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Education is a sacred trust maintained by humility and reciprocity: the student honors the lineage through salutation and dakṣiṇā, acknowledging that knowledge is received, not seized.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma instruction regarding āśrama and Vedic pedagogy; not a sarga/manvantara/vaṃśa passage.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘From the guru’s mouth’ highlights śruti as living sound; dakṣiṇā symbolizes offering the fruits of learning back into the lineage, sealing the transmission.