Shloka 106

Adhyaya 23 — Ashvatara’s Vow for Madalasa and the Bestowal of Musical Science by Sarasvati

Sanskrit

निहतामित्रवर्गश्च पित्रोः सुश्रूषणं कुरु ।

वत्स ! धन्यस्य कथ्यन्ते परोक्षस्यापि ते गुणाः ॥

Transliteration

nihatāmitra-vargaś ca pitroḥ suśrūṣaṇaṃ kuru | vatsa! dhanyasya kathyante parokṣasyāpi te guṇāḥ ||

Translation

“دشمنوں کے لشکر کو قتل کر کے اب اپنے والدین کی اچھی طرح خدمت کرو۔ اے بیٹے! نیک بختوں کی خوبیاں اُن کی غیر موجودگی میں بھی بیان کی جاتی ہیں۔”

Word by Word

• nihata-amitra-vargaḥ: (you) whose band of enemies is slain
• nihata-amitra-vargaḥ: Sambodhana/Viśeṣaṇa (सम्बोधन/विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nihata (कृदन्त; नि-√han, क्त) + amitra (प्रातिपदिक) + varga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; samāsa: ‘enemy-group that has been slain’ (karmadhāraya/tatpuruṣa nuance); used as address/descriptor

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• pitroḥ: of the two parents
• pitroḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6/षष्ठी), Dvivacana (द्विवचन); genitive ‘of (your) two parents/father and mother’

• suśrūṣaṇam: service, attentive obedience
• suśrūṣaṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suśrūṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; object of kuru

• kuru: do, perform
• kuru: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Loṭ-lakāra (लोट्; imperative), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• vatsa: dear child
• vatsa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vatsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Sambodhana (सम्बोधन), Ekavacana; vocative address

• dhanyasya: of the blessed one
• dhanyasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhanya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; genitive ‘of the blessed/fortunate (person)’

• kathyante: are spoken of
• kathyante: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kath (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (लट्; present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Bahuvacana; ātmanepada; passive sense ‘are spoken/told’

• parokṣasya: of one who is absent
• parokṣasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; genitive ‘of one who is absent/unseen’

• api: even
• api: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) meaning ‘even/also’

• te: your
• te: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; enclitic genitive ‘your’

• guṇāḥ: qualities, virtues
• guṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; subject of kathyante

Speakers

• Nāgendra addressing the younger hero

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Filial duty (pitṛ-śuśrūṣā)
• Fame of virtues
• Post-victory humility

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Worldly success (defeating enemies) is incomplete without pitṛ-sevā; enduring reputation arises from guṇa expressed in conduct, not merely from power.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily dharma-upadeśa within narrative (subsidiary to vaṃśānucarita); it is not a sarga/pratisarga/manvantara passage.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Enemies’ can be read inwardly as passions; after inner conquest, one must stabilize life through gratitude and service to the sources of embodiment (parents).