Shloka 38

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

वयमाप्यायिता मर्त्यैर्यज्ञभागैर्यथोचितैः ।

वृष्ट्या ताननुगृह्णीमो मर्त्यान् शस्यादिसिद्धये ॥

Transliteration

vayam āpyāyitā martyair yajñabhāgair yathocitaiḥ |

vṛṣṭyā tān anugṛhṇīmo martyān śasyādisiddhaye ||

Translation

انسان یَجْن (قربانی) کے مقررہ حصّے ہمیں پیش کر کے ہمارا پالن کرتے ہیں؛ اور ہم بارش کے ذریعے اُن پر عنایت کرتے ہیں تاکہ کھیتی اور غلّہ وغیرہ کامیاب ہوں۔

Word by Word

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun); बहुवचन (Plural); प्रथमा (Nominative, 1st case); लिङ्ग-निरपेक्ष (gender-neutral)

• आप्यायिताः: nourished, strengthened
• आप्यायिताः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (Predicate adjective to subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ + प्यै (धातु) → आप्यायित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, क्त/PPP)
• Form: कृदन्त (Past Passive Participle, क्त); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); बहुवचन (Plural); प्रथमा (Nominative, 1st case); विशेषण (agreeing with वयम्)

• मर्त्यैः: by mortals
• मर्त्यैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument/Agent in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); बहुवचन (Plural); तृतीया (Instrumental, 3rd case)

• यज्ञभागैः: by the shares/portions of sacrifice
• यज्ञभागैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ + भाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (Genitive determinative: यज्ञस्य भागाः); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); बहुवचन (Plural); तृतीया (Instrumental, 3rd case)

• यथा-उचितैः: as is proper, duly
• यथा-उचितैः: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + उचित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव (Adverbial compound: ‘as is proper’); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); बहुवचन (Plural); तृतीया (Instrumental, 3rd case); विशेषण (qualifying यज्ञभागैः)

• वृष्ट्या: with rain; by rainfall
• वृष्ट्या: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine); एकवचन (Singular); तृतीया (Instrumental, 3rd case)

• तान्: them (those)
• तान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); बहुवचन (Plural); द्वितीया (Accusative, 2nd case)

• अनुगृह्णीमः: we favor, we bless
• अनुगृह्णीमः: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + ग्रह् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present indicative); उत्तमपुरुष (1st person); बहुवचन (Plural); परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• मर्त्यान्: mortals
• मर्त्यान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine); बहुवचन (Plural); द्वितीया (Accusative, 2nd case)

• शस्य-आदि-सिद्धये: for the success/attainment of crops etc.
• शस्य-आदि-सिद्धये: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शस्य (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + सिद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: शस्यादि (तत्पुरुष/समाहारार्थ ‘crops etc.’) + सिद्धि; चतुर्थी (Dative, 4th case); एकवचन (Singular); स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine)

Speakers

• Devas (collective voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devas (collective)
• Indra (implied via rain)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Yajña
• Cosmology
• Agrarian prosperity
• Reciprocity

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A reciprocal covenant is stated: humans sustain devas through sacrificial portions; devas sustain humans through rainfall and agricultural success. The ethical takeaway is gratitude expressed as duty (nitya/naimittika karma) rather than mere sentiment.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not a genealogy segment; it functions as Dharma/ācāra teaching explaining how the created order continues—adjacent to Sarga/Pratisarga maintenance logic.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Yajña-bhāga’ can symbolize disciplined offering of one’s energies; ‘rain’ symbolizes descending grace/fruitfulness. When energies are offered upward (into Agni/Devas), nourishment returns downward as abundance.