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Shloka 19

Adhyaya 14The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

मृतेभ्यः प्रमृता यान्ति दरिद्राः पापकर्मिणः ।

गतिं नानाविधां यान्ति जन्तवः कर्मबन्धनात् ॥

mṛtebhyaḥ pramṛtā yānti daridrāḥ pāpakarmiṇaḥ / gatiṃ nānāvidhāṃ yānti jantavaḥ karmabandhanāt

مردہ سے گویا ‘زیادہ مردہ’ پیدا ہوتے ہیں—یعنی مفلس اور بدکردار۔ کرم کے بندھن میں جکڑے ہوئے جاندار طرح طرح کی گتیاں پاتے ہیں۔

मृतेभ्यःfrom the dead (ones)
मृतेभ्यः:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (कृदन्त; √मृ धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग (masc.)/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neut.), पञ्चमी/षष्ठी विभक्ति (Abl./Gen.), बहुवचन (plural)
प्रमृताःhaving died, dead
प्रमृताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-मृत (कृदन्त; √मृ धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (plural)
यान्तिgo
यान्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (plural)
दरिद्राःthe poor
दरिद्राः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदरिद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (plural)
पापकर्मिणःsinful-doers
पापकर्मिणः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootपाप + कर्मिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative: 'of sinful deeds'), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (plural)
गतिम्a course/destination
गतिम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (singular)
नानाविधाम्of many kinds
नानाविधाम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनाना (अव्यय) + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय (descriptive: 'various kinds'), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (singular)
यान्तिgo
यान्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (plural)
जन्तवःcreatures
जन्तवः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (plural)
कर्मबन्धनात्from the bondage of actions
कर्मबन्धनात्:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्म + बन्धन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (determinative: 'bondage of karma'), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), पञ्चमी विभक्ति (Ablative, 5th), एकवचन (singular)
Dialogue setting (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

KarmaRebirthPovertyEthicsBondage (bandha)

FAQs

Destiny (gati) is not uniform; it varies with one’s karmic pattern. The verse frames poverty and deprivation as karmically conditioned states, urging ethical reform rather than fatalism.

Dharma/karma teaching (didactic layer). It is not a direct treatment of Sarga or Vaṃśa; it functions as ethical philosophy within the narrative framework.

‘Pramṛta’ suggests spiritual inertia—life lived without dharma is likened to a living death. Karma-bandha is the subtle chain binding consciousness to repeated states and births.