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Shloka 3

Virāṭa-parva Adhyāya 54 — Missile-Exchange and Tactical Redirection

Arjuna, Aśvatthāman, Karṇa

तेषामनीकानि बहूनि गाढं व्यूढानि दृष्टवा बहुलध्वजानि । मत्स्यस्य पुत्र द्विषतां निहन्ता वैराटिमामन्त्रय ततो5भ्युवाच,उनकी अनेक सेनाएँ थीं और उन सबकी अच्छी तरह व्यूह-रचना की गयी थी। उन सेनाओंमें बहुत-सी ध्वजा-पताकाएँ फहरा रही थीं। शत्रुओंका नाश करनेवाले अर्जुनने उन सबको देखकर विराट॒पुत्र उत्तरको सम्बोधित करके कहा--

teṣām anīkāni bahūni gāḍhaṃ vyūḍhāni dṛṣṭvā bahula-dhvajāni | matsyasya putra-dviṣatāṃ nihantā vairāṭim āmantrya tato 'bhyuvāca ||

ان کی بہت سی فوجی جماعتیں گھنی صف بندی میں آراستہ تھیں اور بے شمار جھنڈے لہرا رہے تھے۔ یہ دیکھ کر دشمنوں کا قتال کرنے والے ارجُن نے مَتسیہ راج کے پُتر، ویرات پُتر اُتّرہ کو مخاطب کیا اور پھر کہا—

तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formall, Genitive, Plural
अनीकानिarmies, divisions
अनीकानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
बहूनिmany
बहूनि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
गाढम्firmly, densely
गाढम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगाढ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्यूढानिarrayed, drawn up (in formation)
व्यूढानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यूढ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
बहुलध्वजानिhaving many banners
बहुलध्वजानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुल-ध्वज
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
मत्स्यस्यof Matsya (Virata)
मत्स्यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्विषताम्of enemies
द्विषताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विषत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
निहन्ताslayer
निहन्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनि-हन् (निहन्तृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैराटिम्the prince of Virata (Uttara)
वैराटिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैराटि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आमन्त्रयaddress!, call!, summon!
आमन्त्रय:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआ-मन्त्र्
FormImperative, Second, Singular
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अभ्युवाचsaid to, addressed
अभ्युवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-वच्
FormPerfect (Parasmaipada), Third, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
A
Arjuna
U
Uttara (son of Virāṭa)
M
Matsya (kingdom/lineage)
E
enemy armies (anīkāni)
B
banners/flags (dhvajāni)
B
battle formations (vyūḍhāni)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moment where outward signs of power—dense formations and many banners—test inner steadiness. It prepares for Arjuna’s guidance to Uttara: true leadership in dharma is not overwhelmed by spectacle, but responds with clarity, courage, and right action.

As the opposing forces appear in strong, well-arranged battle order, Arjuna observes their readiness and then turns to address Uttara, the prince of Virāṭa (of the Matsya realm), initiating the dialogue that follows in this episode.