Shloka 3

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Brahmacarya and the Formless Brahman

Udyoga Parva 44

Devanagari script

स्पृहयालुरुग्र: परुषो वा वदान्य: क्रोधं बिभ्रन्मनसा वै विकत्थी । नृशंसधर्मा: षडिमे जना वै प्राप्पाप्पयर्थ नोत सभाजयन्ते,लोलुप, क्रूर, कठोरभाषी, कृपण, मन-ही-मन क्रोध करनेवाले और अधिक आत्मप्रशंसा करनेवाले--ये छ: प्रकारके मनुष्य निश्चय ही क्रूर कर्म करनेवाले होते हैं। ये प्राप्त हुई सम्पत्तिका उचित उपयोग नहीं करते

Transliteration

spṛhayālur ugraḥ paruṣo vā vadānyaḥ krodhaṃ bibhran manasā vai vikatthī | nṛśaṃsadharmāḥ ṣaḍ ime janā vai prāptārthaṃ nauta sabhājayanti ||

Translation

سنَتسُجات نے کہا: خواہ کوئی لالچی اور سخت گیر ہو، تند زبان ہو، یا بظاہر سخی؛ خواہ دل ہی دل میں غصہ پالے، یا اپنی بڑائی کے ڈھول پیٹے—ایسے چھ قسم کے لوگ حقیقتاً سنگ دل اور درندہ خو ہوتے ہیں۔ دولت یا فائدہ پا کر بھی اسے درست مصرف میں لا کر اس کی قدر نہیں کرتے۔

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'spṛhayālu', 'definition': 'greedy, covetous

• one who hankers after gain'}, {'term': 'ugra', 'definition': 'fierce, violent, formidable'}, {'term': 'paruṣa', 'definition': 'harsh, rough

• harsh-speaking'}, {'term': 'vadānya', 'definition': 'generous, liberal (often outwardly or reputationally)'}, {'term': 'krodha', 'definition': 'anger'}, {'term': 'bibhrat (√bhṛ)', 'definition': 'bearing, carrying, holding (here: holding anger within)'}, {'term': 'manasā', 'definition': 'in the mind, mentally'}, {'term': 'vikatthī (vikatthate)', 'definition': 'boastful

• one who brags/self-praises'}, {'term': 'nṛśaṃsa-dharma', 'definition': 'cruel-natured

• having a ruthless disposition'}, {'term': 'ṣaḍ ime janāḥ', 'definition': 'these six types of people'}, {'term': 'prāpta-artha', 'definition': 'obtained wealth/advantage

• what has been gained'}, {'term': 'nauta sabhājayanti', 'definition': 'they do not honor/respect

Speaker

सनत्युजात उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanatsujāta

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Sanatsujāta warns that certain inner vices—greed, harshness, concealed anger, and self-boasting (even when paired with outward generosity)—mark a ruthless character. Such people fail to treat gained wealth or success as a trust to be used rightly; instead, they squander its moral purpose.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Udyoga Parva’s counsel-setting, Sanatsujāta instructs on ethical conduct and inner discipline. Here he classifies six dispositions that lead to cruelty and misuse of prosperity, sharpening the moral critique relevant to rulers and decision-makers on the brink of conflict.