Shloka 62

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

Devanagari script

त्रयो न्‍्याया मनुष्याणां श्रूयन्ते भरतर्षभ । कनीयान्‌ मध्यम: श्रेष्ठ इति वेदविदो विदु:ः

Transliteration

trayo nyāyā manuṣyāṇāṃ śrūyante bharatarṣabha | kanīyān madhyamaḥ śreṣṭha iti vedavido viduḥ ||

Translation

اے بھرتوں کے سردار! انسانوں کے مقاصد کی تکمیل کے لیے تین طرح کی نیتیاں (تدبیریں) سنی جاتی ہیں—ادنیٰ، اوسط اور اعلیٰ؛ ایسا وید کے جاننے والے جانتے ہیں۔

Word by Word

• त्रयः: three
• त्रयः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• न्यायाः: methods/means; principles (of procedure)
• न्यायाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: न्याय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मनुष्याणाम्: of men/of humans
• मनुष्याणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• श्रूयन्ते: are heard/are said (to be)
• श्रूयन्ते: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: Present, Atmanepada (passive sense), Third, Plural

• भरतर्षभ: O bull among the Bharatas
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत-ऋषभ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• कनीयान्: inferior/lesser
• कनीयान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कनीयस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मध्यमः: middling/medium
• मध्यमः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मध्यम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• श्रेष्ठः: best/superior
• श्रेष्ठः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेष्ठ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• वेदविदः: knowers of the Veda
• वेदविदः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेदविद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• विदुः: know
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्
• Form: Perfect, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura
• Bharatarṣabha (addressed person, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra in context)