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Shloka 13

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

विदुर उवाच अभियुक्त बलवता दुर्बलं हीनसाधनम्‌ | हृतस्वं कामिनं चोरमाविशन्ति प्रजागरा:,विदुरजी बोले--राजन! जिसका बलवानके साथ विरोध हो गया है, उस साधनहीन दुर्बल मनुष्यको, जिसका सब कुछ हर लिया गया है, उसको, कामीको तथा चोरको रातमें नींद नहीं आती

vidura uvāca abhi-yuktaḥ balavatā durbalaṁ hīna-sādhanam | hṛta-svaṁ kāminaṁ coram āviśanti prajāgarāḥ ||

ودُر نے کہا—اے راجن! جس کمزور آدمی کو کسی طاقتور حریف نے للکارا ہو، جو بےسروسامان ہو، جس کا مال چھن گیا ہو، جو شہوت کے قبضے میں ہو، اور جو چور ہو—ان سب پر رات کو بےخوابی طاری رہتی ہے۔

विदुरःVidura
विदुरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविदुर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अभियुक्तम्one who is challenged/attacked/engaged (in conflict)
अभियुक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-युज्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बलवताby a strong (man)
बलवता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootबलवत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
दुर्बलम्weak (man)
दुर्बलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्बल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हीनसाधनम्one lacking resources/means
हीनसाधनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहीनसाधन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हृतस्वम्one whose property has been taken away
हृतस्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहृतस्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कामिनम्a lustful/desirous man
कामिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकामिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चोरम्a thief
चोरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचोर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आविशन्तिenter/come upon
आविशन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-विश्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
प्रजागराःwakefulness; sleeplessness (night-watches)
प्रजागराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजागर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied addressee)

Educational Q&A

Peace of mind depends on dharmic security and self-mastery: fear from conflict with the powerful, loss of resources, dispossession, uncontrolled desire, and the guilt/fear of theft all produce restless wakefulness.

Vidura is counseling the king in the Udyoga Parva, using a list of types of people who cannot sleep to warn about the mental torment caused by insecurity, craving, and wrongdoing—an ethical admonition relevant to royal conduct and policy.