Shloka 35

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 123 — Bhīṣma–Droṇa–Vidura Upadeśa to Duryodhana

Keśava-vākya aftermath

Devanagari script

पृथक्‌ च विनिविष्टानां धर्म धीरो<नुरुध्यते । मध्यमो<र्थ कलिं बाल: काममेवानुरुध्यते,“पृथक्‌-पृथक्‌ स्थित हुए धर्म, अर्थ और काममेंसे किसी एकको चुनना हो तो धीर पुरुष धर्मका ही अनुसरण करता है, मध्यम श्रेणीका मनुष्य कलहके कारणभूत अर्थको ही ग्रहण करता है और अधम श्रेणीका अज्ञानी पुरुष कामको ही पाना चाहता है

Transliteration

pṛthak ca viniviṣṭānāṃ dharma dhīro'nurudhyate | madhyamo'rtha-kaliṃ bālaḥ kāmam evānurudhyate ||

Translation

جب دھرم، ارتھ اور کام الگ الگ کھڑے ہوں اور ایک کو چننا پڑے، تو ثابت قدم دانا دھرم ہی کی پیروی کرتا ہے۔ درمیانہ آدمی ارتھ اختیار کرتا ہے—جو اکثر نزاع کا بیج بنتا ہے؛ اور جاہل و ادنیٰ آدمی صرف کام کے پیچھے پڑتا ہے۔

Word by Word

• {'pṛthak': 'separately, apart', 'viniviṣṭānām': 'of those that are set/placed (distinctly)

• here, of the aims set apart', 'dharma': 'righteous duty

• right conduct', 'dhīraḥ': 'steadfast, wise, self-possessed person', 'anurudhyate': 'follows, adheres to, aligns oneself with', 'madhyamaḥ': 'middling, of intermediate grade', 'arthaḥ': 'wealth, power, advantage

• material interest', 'kaliḥ / kaliṃ': 'strife, quarrel, discord (also the age/personification of Kali)

• here: conflict-causing principle', 'bālaḥ': 'childish, ignorant, foolish person', 'kāmaḥ': 'desire, pleasure, sensual enjoyment', 'eva': 'only, indeed (emphatic)'}

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• dharma
• artha
• kāma
• kali (as strife)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A person’s character is revealed by what they choose when the aims of life diverge: the wise prioritize dharma, the average prioritize artha (which can breed rivalry), and the ignorant chase kāma alone.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Vaiśampāyana’s narration, a reflective maxim is stated to frame ethical decision-making in the tense pre-war context of the Udyoga Parva, where competing interests and desires threaten to override righteousness.