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Shloka 6

Kośārtha-Rājadharma: Ethical Revenue Collection and Social Regulation (कोशार्थ-राजधर्मः)

यथा शल्यकवानाखु: पदं धूनयते सदा । अतीक्ष्णेनाभ्युपायेन तथा राष्ट्र समापिबेत्‌,जैसे तीखे दाँतोंवाला चूहा सोये हुए मनुष्यके पैरके मांसको ऐसी कोमलतासे काटता है कि वह मनुष्य केवल पैरको कम्पित करता है, उसे पीड़ाका ज्ञान नहीं हो पाता। उसी प्रकार राजा कोमल उपायोंसे ही राष्ट्रसे कर ले, जिससे प्रजा दुखी न हो

yathā śalyakavān ākhuḥ padaṃ dhūnayate sadā | atīkṣṇenābhyupāyena tathā rāṣṭraṃ samāpibet ||

بھیشم نے کہا: “جیسے نوکیلے دانتوں والا چوہا سوئے ہوئے آدمی کے پاؤں کو اتنی نرمی سے کترتا رہتا ہے کہ سونے والا بس پاؤں ہلا دیتا ہے اور درد کا پورا احساس نہیں ہوتا، اسی طرح بادشاہ کو چاہیے کہ وہ نرم اور غیر نمایاں تدبیروں سے مملکت سے محصول لے—تاکہ رعایا کو تکلیف نہ ہو۔”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
शल्यकवान्having sharp spines/needles (sharp-toothed)
शल्यकवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशल्यकवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आखुःrat, mouse
आखुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआखु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पदम्foot
पदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धूनयतेshakes, causes to tremble
धूनयते:
TypeVerb
Rootधू (धूनयति)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
अतीक्ष्णेनby a not-harsh (gentle) / not-too-sharp
अतीक्ष्णेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअतीक्ष्ण
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अभ्युपायेनby a stratagem, by a means
अभ्युपायेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअभ्युपाय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तथाso, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
राष्ट्रम्kingdom, realm
राष्ट्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समापिबेत्should drink up; should extract (revenue)
समापिबेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपा (पिबति) + सम्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
R
rat/mouse (ākhu)
R
realm/kingdom (rāṣṭra)
F
foot (pada)

Educational Q&A

A ruler should collect revenue in a gentle, minimally burdensome way—so the subjects do not feel oppressed. Fiscal policy must be guided by dharma and the welfare of the people, not by harsh extraction.

In Bhishma’s instruction on rajadharma, he uses a vivid analogy: a rat nibbling a sleeper’s foot so subtly that the sleeper only twitches. Likewise, the king should levy taxes gradually and tactfully, avoiding public suffering.