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Shloka 19

Vyavahāra-Śuddhi and Rājadharma: Clean Administration, Counsel, and Proportional Punishment

Chapter 86

बलवानोंके बलात्कार (अत्याचार) से पीड़ित हो अत्यन्त दीनभावसे पुकार मचाते हुए अनाथ मनुष्योंको आश्रय देनेवाला उनका संरक्षक या स्वामी राजा ही होता है ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | tataḥ sākṣibalaṃ sādhu dvedhāvādakṛtaṃ bhavet | asākṣikam anāthaṃ vā parīkṣyaṃ tad viśeṣataḥ ||

بھیشم نے کہا—جب کوئی نزاع پیش ہو اور دونوں فریق الگ الگ باتیں بیان کریں تو حقیقت تک پہنچنے کے لیے گواہی کی قوت کو بہترین سمجھا جاتا ہے؛ اس لیے عینی گواہوں کو تلاش کر کے ان کی جانچ کرنی چاہیے۔ لیکن اگر گواہ نہ ہوں، یا فریادی بے سہارا ہو اور اس کا کوئی سرپرست یا وکیل موجود نہ ہو، تو بادشاہ کو خاص طور پر خود نہایت احتیاط سے تفتیش کرنی چاہیے—اسی طرح وہ طاقتوروں کے تشدد سے دبے ہوئے بے آسرا لوگوں کا سہارا بنتا ہے۔

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
साक्षि-बलम्the force/weight of witnesses
साक्षि-बलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षि-बल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
साधुproperly; rightly; well
साधु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाधु
द्वेधा-वाद-कृतम्made into a twofold dispute (i.e., with conflicting statements)
द्वेधा-वाद-कृतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वेधा-वाद-कृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be; should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अ-साक्षिकम्without witnesses
अ-साक्षिकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-साक्षिक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अ-नाथम्without a protector/advocate
अ-नाथम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-नाथ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
परीक्ष्यम्to be examined; should be investigated
परीक्ष्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरीक्ष्
Formya (gerundive/future passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that (case/matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विशेषतःespecially; in particular
विशेषतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (rājā)
W
Witnesses (sākṣi)
T
The unprotected/helpless (anātha)

Educational Q&A

A king must uphold justice by relying on credible witness-testimony when parties give conflicting accounts; and when witnesses or protectors are absent—especially for the helpless—the king must personally investigate with special care, acting as the refuge of the oppressed.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on judicial conduct: how to decide cases with contradictory claims, the priority of eyewitness testimony, and the ruler’s heightened responsibility when the complainant is unprotected.