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Shloka 40

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

तस्मान्नैव मृदुर्नित्यं तीक्ष्णो नैव भवेन्नूप: । वासन्तार्क इव श्रीमान्‌ न शीतो न च घर्मद:,जैसे वसन्‍्त ऋतुका तेजस्वी सूर्य न तो अधिक ठंडक पहुँचाता है और न कड़ी धूप ही करता है, उसी प्रकार राजाको भी न तो बहुत कोमल होना चाहिये और न अधिक कठोर ही

tasmān naiva mṛdur nityaṁ tīkṣṇo naiva bhaven nṛpaḥ | vāsantārka iva śrīmān na śīto na ca gharmadaḥ ||

پس، اے بادشاہ، حکمران نہ تو ہمیشہ نرم ہی رہے اور نہ ہی مسلسل سخت بنے۔ جیسے بہار کے موسم کا تابناک سورج نہ حد سے زیادہ ٹھنڈک دیتا ہے اور نہ جھلسا دینے والی گرمی—اسی طرح بادشاہ کو بھی اعتدال رکھنا چاہیے: مضبوط، مگر بے رحم نہیں؛ نرم، مگر کمزور نہیں۔

तस्मात्therefore / from that reason
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
Formablative (pañcamī), singular, masculine/neuter (pronominal)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation particle
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formemphatic particle
मृदुःgentle / soft
मृदुः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमृदु
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
Formaccusative singular used adverbially
तीक्ष्णःharsh / sharp
तीक्ष्णः:
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation particle
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formemphatic particle
भवेत्should be / may become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formvidhi-liṅ (optative), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
नृपःking
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वासन्तvernal / of spring
वासन्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootवासन्त
Formmasculine, nominative, singular (used as qualifier in compound)
अर्कःsun
अर्कः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्क
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
इवlike / as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formcomparative particle
श्रीमान्splendid / glorious
श्रीमान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रीमन्त्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation particle
शीतःcold
शीतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशीत
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
nor / not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation particle
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formconjunction
घर्मदःheat-giving / scorching
घर्मदः:
TypeAdjective
Rootघर्मद
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nṛpa (the king)
V
vāsantārka (the spring sun)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches the principle of moderation in rulership: a king must avoid extremes of leniency and severity, cultivating a steady, balanced authority that protects without oppressing.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma addresses the king (Yudhiṣṭhira in context), using the image of the gentle spring sun to illustrate how a ruler should govern with measured firmness and measured compassion.