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Shloka 4

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

लक्ष्य: शस्त्रभृतां वा स्याद्‌ विदुषामिच्छया55त्मन: । प्रास्येदात्मानमग्नौ वा समिद्धे त्रिरवाकृशिरा:

lakṣyaḥ śastrabhṛtāṃ vā syād viduṣām icchayātmanaḥ | prāsyed ātmānam agnau vā samiddhe trir avākśirāḥ ||

ویاس نے کہا—ایک عالم آدمی اپنی مرضی سے نہایت سخت کفّارے بھی اختیار کر سکتا ہے: مسلح جنگجوؤں کے ہتھیاروں کا نشانہ بن جانا، یا بھڑکتی ہوئی آگ میں اپنے آپ کو جھونک دینا، یا سر جھکا کر مقررہ دشوار رسم کو تین بار ادا کرنا۔ ایسے کفّاروں کے ساتھ اگر وہ وید جاننے والے برہمن کو اپنا سب کچھ سونپ دے، یا گزر بسر کے لیے کافی مال، یا سامان سے آراستہ گھر دان کرے—تو گایوں اور برہمنوں کا محافظ وہ شخص برہماہتیا کے داغ سے چھوٹ جاتا ہے۔

लक्ष्यःa target
लक्ष्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलक्ष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शस्त्रभृताम्of weapon-bearers
शस्त्रभृताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्रभृत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
स्यात्may be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
विदुषाम्of the learned
विदुषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
इच्छयाby (one's) wish
इच्छया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइच्छा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रास्येत्may throw/cast
प्रास्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+अस्
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
आत्मानम्oneself
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अग्नौin fire
अग्नौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
समिद्धेblazing, well-kindled
समिद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसमिद्ध
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
त्रिःthrice
त्रिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिः
अवाक्downwards
अवाक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअवाक्
शिराःhead (with head)
शिराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
A
armed warriors (śastrabhṛt)
F
fire (agni)
V
Veda (one Veda; vedic recitation implied)
V
Veda-knowing brāhmaṇa
C
cows (go)
B
brāhmaṇas

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes that grave moral pollution (especially brahma-hatyā) is addressed through rigorous prāyaścitta and through dharmic restitution—particularly protecting cows and brāhmaṇas and supporting learned brāhmaṇas by substantial gifts—highlighting responsibility, repair, and purification rather than denial of wrongdoing.

In the Śānti Parva’s dharma instruction, Vyāsa enumerates extreme and charitable forms of expiation a learned person may voluntarily undertake, and states that one who has acted as a protector of cows and brāhmaṇas can thereby be released from the sin of brahma-hatyā.