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Shloka 27

Śuka–Janaka Saṃvāda: Āśrama-krama, Jñāna-vijñāna, and the Marks of Liberation (शुक-जनक संवादः)

गन्धवासो विहारेषु शयनेष्वासनेषु च । दिवास्वप्नेडतिवादे च प्रमादेषु च वै रति:

gandhavāso vihāreṣu śayaneṣv āsaneṣu ca | divāsvapne ’tivāde ca pramādeṣu ca vai ratiḥ ||

یاج्ञولکْی نے کہا—خوشبوؤں اور حسی لذتوں میں دل چسپی، فضول سیر و تفریح، نرم و نازک بستر اور نشستوں میں رغبت؛ دن میں سونا؛ اور حد سے بڑھی ہوئی بحث و تکرار اور غفلت میں لگاؤ—یہ تَمَس کے آثار ہیں۔ ایسی طبیعت میں تاریکی ہی بڑھتی ہے؛ وہ انسان کو سستی، انتشار اور خود کو نقصان پہنچانے والی عادتوں کی طرف لے جاتی ہے، نہ کہ صفائیِ باطن، ضبطِ نفس اور دھرم کے راستے کی طرف۔

गन्धवासःsmell and clothing (i.e., concern with scents and garments)
गन्धवासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगन्ध-वास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विहारेषुin amusements/pleasures
विहारेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविहार
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
शयनेषुin beds/sleeping-places
शयनेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशयन
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
आसनेषुin seats/sittings
आसनेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआसन
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दिवास्वप्नेin daytime-sleep
दिवास्वप्ने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिवास्वप्न
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अतिवादेin excessive talk/argument
अतिवादे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअतिवाद
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रमादेषुin negligence/heedlessness
प्रमादेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाद
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
रतिःattachment/delight
रतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

याज़्वल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya

Educational Q&A

The verse identifies behavioral indicators of tamas (inertia/darkness): sensual indulgence, excessive comfort-seeking, daytime sleep, contentious speech, and heedlessness. It warns that such habits cloud discernment and weaken dharmic self-governance.

In Śānti Parva’s didactic discourse, Yājñavalkya is instructing about the guṇas by listing observable traits. Here he describes tamas through everyday conduct—how one’s pleasures, speech, and routines reveal an inner quality of darkness and negligence.