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Shloka 4

Yājñavalkya on the Unity of Sāṃkhya and Yoga and the Marks of Meditative Composure

कला पज्चदशी योनिस्तद्धाम प्रतिबुध्यते । नित्यमेतद्‌ विजानीहि सोम॑ वै षोडशीं कलाम्‌,राजन! चन्द्रमाकी पंद्रह कलाओंके समान जीवोंकी पंद्रह कलाएँ ही उत्पत्तिके स्थान हैं। अज्ञानी जीव उन्हींको अपना आश्रय समझता है; परंतु उसकी जो सोलहवीं कला है, उसको तुम नित्य समझो। वह चन्द्रमाकी अमा नामक सोलहवीं कलाके समान है

kalā pañcadaśī yonis taddhāma pratibudhyate | nityam etad vijānīhi somaṁ vai ṣoḍaśīṁ kalām, rājan |

وسِشٹھ نے کہا—پندرہ کلا ہی یَونی ہیں؛ اسی دھام میں جاندار پیدا ہوتے ہیں اور نادان وہیں بیدار ہو کر اسی کو سہارا سمجھتا ہے۔ مگر اے راجَن، یہ بات ہمیشہ جان رکھو کہ ایک سولہویں کلا بھی ہے؛ وہی سوم-تتّو ہے—چاند کی اما (اماوَسیا) نامی سولہویں کلا کی مانند نہایت لطیف اور ثابت، بدلتی ہوئی پندرہ سے ماورا۔

kalāḥparts, digits (of the moon)
kalāḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootkalā
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
pañcadaśīthe fifteenth
pañcadaśī:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootpañcadaśī
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
yoniḥwomb; source; origin
yoniḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootyoni
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
tatthat
tat:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
dhāmaabode; seat; support
dhāma:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootdhāman
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
pratibudhyateawakens to; understands; realizes
pratibudhyate:
TypeVerb
Root√budh
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
nityamalways; eternally
nityam:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya
etatthis
etat:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootetad
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
vijānīhiknow; understand clearly
vijānīhi:
TypeVerb
Root√jñā
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
somaḥSoma; the Moon
somaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootsoma
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
vaiindeed; surely
vai:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai
ṣoḍaśīmthe sixteenth
ṣoḍaśīm:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootṣoḍaśī
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
kalāmpart; digit
kalām:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootkalā
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
rājanO king
rājan:
TypeNoun
Rootrājan
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
R
rājan (the king, addressee)
S
Soma
C
Candra (Moon)
A
amā (new-moon phase, as the ‘sixteenth’)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts the changing, manifest basis of embodied life (the ‘fifteen kalās’ taken as the womb/source) with a subtler, enduring ‘sixteenth kalā’ identified with Soma/the lunar essence. Ethically and spiritually, it urges the king to look beyond what the ignorant treat as their sole refuge—mere phenomenal supports—and to recognize a constant principle that transcends fluctuation.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on higher knowledge, Vasiṣṭha addresses a king and uses lunar imagery: beings arise within a fifteenfold field, but true understanding includes a sixteenth, more constant element. The teacher redirects the listener from ordinary identification with the manifest ‘abode’ to contemplation of the subtler, abiding reality.