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Shloka 3

Yājñavalkya on the Unity of Sāṃkhya and Yoga and the Marks of Meditative Composure

चन्द्रमा इव भुतानां पुनस्तत्र सहस्रश: । लीयतेडप्रतिबुद्धत्वादेवमेष हाबुद्धिमान्‌,जैसे चन्द्रमाका सहस्रों बार क्षय और सहस्(्रों बार वृद्धि होती रहती है, उसी प्रकार अज्ञानी जीव भी अज्ञानवश ही सहस्रों बार लयको प्राप्त होता है (और जन्म लेता है)

candramā iva bhūtānāṃ punas tatra sahasraśaḥ | līyate ’pratibuddhatvād evam eṣa hy abuddhimān ||

وَسِشٹھ نے کہا— جیسے مخلوقات کے درمیان چاند کو ہزاروں بار گھٹتے اور ہزاروں بار بڑھتے دیکھا جاتا ہے، ویسے ہی یہ نادان جیو بھی بیداریِ معرفت سے محروم ہونے کے سبب ہزاروں بار لَے (موت) میں چلا جاتا ہے اور پھر جنم لیتا ہے۔

चन्द्रमाthe moon
चन्द्रमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्रमस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
भूतानाम्of beings/creatures
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
तत्रthere/in that state
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
सहस्रशःa thousandfold; many times
सहस्रशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहस्रशस्
लीयतेmerges/dissolves
लीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootली
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
अप्रतिबुद्धत्वात्from non-awakening; due to ignorance
अप्रतिबुद्धत्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअप्रतिबुद्धत्व
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
एवम्thus/in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अबुद्धिमान्unintelligent; ignorant
अबुद्धिमान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअबुद्धिमन्त्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
M
Moon (Candramā)

Educational Q&A

Repeated birth and death (saṃsāra) continue due to non-awakening—lack of true knowledge. The verse uses the moon’s recurring waning and waxing to illustrate how the ignorant being repeatedly dissolves and reappears until awakened insight ends the cycle.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation-oriented ethics and knowledge, Vasiṣṭha addresses the condition of the unawakened individual. He explains, through a natural metaphor (the moon’s phases), why the ignorant self undergoes countless cycles of death and rebirth.