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Shloka 163

Adhyāya 262: Śabda-brahman, Para-brahman, and the Ethics of Tyāga

Kapila–Syūmaraśmi Saṃvāda

ब्रह्मैव वर्तते लोके नैव कर्तव्यतां पुन: । जो करने योग्य कर्मोको अपना कर्तव्य समझता है और उसका पालन न होनेपर भय मानता है

brahmaiva vartate loke naiva kartavyatāṃ punaḥ |

اس جہان میں برہمن ہی کارفرما ہے؛ لہٰذا اس سے جدا کوئی باندھنے والا ‘کرتویہ’ نہیں۔ جو کرنے کے لائق کاموں کو اپنا فرض سمجھتا ہے اور ان کی ادائیگی میں چوک ہو جائے تو خوف کھاتا ہے؛ جس کی نظر میں رِتْوِک، ہَوِشْیَ، منتر اور اگنی—سب کچھ برہمن ہی ہے؛ اور جو کسی بھی فرض کو ‘میرا’ کہہ کر نہیں اپناتا—کرتاپن کے اَہنکار سے پاک—وہی سچا برہمن (برہمن) ہے۔

ब्रह्मBrahman (the Absolute)
ब्रह्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
वर्ततेexists/prevails/abides
वर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तते)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/at all
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कर्तव्यताम्the state/idea of duty (doership-as-duty)
कर्तव्यताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तव्यता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain/further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः

चुलाधार उवाच

चुलाधार (Cūlādhāra)
ब्रह्म (Brahman)
ऋत्विक् (ṛtvij)
हविष्य (haviṣ)
मन्त्र (mantra)
अग्नि (Agni / sacrificial fire)
ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

Seeing Brahman as the sole reality behind all actions and ritual elements dissolves the ego of doership and possessive duty; true brāhmaṇa-hood is defined by this non-appropriating wisdom rather than by mere ritual performance.

Cūlādhāra is instructing his interlocutor in Śānti Parva by redefining dharma and brahminhood: he shifts the focus from fear-driven obligation and external ritual identity to inner realization—everything involved in sacrifice is Brahman, and one should act without the conceit ‘I am the doer’ or ‘this duty is mine’.