Shloka 4
Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154
Devanagari script
दुःखिता: केचिदादाय बालमप्राप्तयौवनम् । कुलसर्वस्वभूतं वै रुदन््त: शोकविह्दला:
Transliteration
duḥkhitāḥ kecid ādāya bālam aprāptayauvanam | kulasarvasvabhūtaṃ vai rudantaḥ śokavihvalāḥ ||
Translation
بھیشم نے کہا—جو ابھی جوانی کو بھی نہ پہنچا تھا اور جو خاندان کا سب کچھ سمجھا جاتا تھا، اس بچے کی لاش اٹھا کر چند رشتہ دار غم سے بے قرار ہو کر پھوٹ پھوٹ کر رونے لگے۔
Word by Word
दुःखिताःafflicted, sorrowful
दुःखिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखित (दुःख + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केचित्some (persons)
केचित्:
Karta
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक (प्रातिपदिक; सर्वनाम)
आदायhaving taken
आदाय:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआ + दा
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada-neutral
बालम्the child/boy
बालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अप्राप्तयौवनम्who had not attained youth
अप्राप्तयौवनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्राप्तयौवन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुलसर्वस्वभूतम्who was the very all-in-all of the family
कुलसर्वस्वभूतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकुलसर्वस्वभूत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
रुदन्तःweeping, crying
रुदन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootरुद्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
शोकविह्वलाःoverwhelmed by grief
शोकविह्वलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशोकविह्वल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhishmaK
kinsmen/relativesC
child (boy)F
family/lineage (kula)Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Sandhi Notes