Shloka 63
Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)
दुःखं जरा ब्रद्य॒दत्त दुःखमर्थविपर्यय: । दुःखं चानिष्टसंवासो दुःखमिष्टवियोजनम्
duḥkhaṃ jarā brahmadatta duḥkham arthaviparyayaḥ | duḥkhaṃ cāniṣṭasaṃvāso duḥkham iṣṭaviyojanam ||
اے مہاراج برہمدت! دکھ کی بہت سی صورتیں ہیں۔ بڑھاپا دکھ ہے، مال و دولت کا الٹ پھیر یا زیاں دکھ ہے، ناپسندیدہ لوگوں کے ساتھ رہنا دکھ ہے، اور محبوبوں سے جدائی دکھ ہے۔
ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच
Educational Q&A
Suffering is not a single event but a set of recurring life-conditions—aging, instability of wealth, unpleasant associations, and separation from loved ones—so one should cultivate clarity, restraint, and detachment rather than expecting lasting comfort from worldly arrangements.
In a didactic exchange within the Śānti Parva, the speaker Brahmadatta enumerates common sources of duḥkha to instruct the listener (addressed as “mahārāja”) about the realities of worldly life and the need for wise, ethical orientation amid inevitable change.