Shloka 41

Devanagari script

माननीय नरेश! चेकितान, शिखण्डी और द्रौपदीके पाँचों पुत्र--आपकी विशाल सेनाका संहार करके शंख बजाने लगे ।। ते सर्वे तावकान प्रेक्ष्य द्रवतो वै पराड्मुखान्‌ | अभ्यधावन्त निष्नन्तो वृषाञ्जित्वा वृषा इव

Transliteration

te sarve tāvakān prekṣya dravato vai parāṅmukhān | abhyadhāvanta niṣṇanto vṛṣāñ jitvā vṛṣā iva ||

Translation

سنجے نے کہا—اے معزز بادشاہ! چیکیتان، شکھنڈی اور دروپدی کے پانچوں بیٹوں نے تمہاری عظیم فوج کا قلع قمع کر کے شنکھ بجائے۔ پھر تمہارے سپاہیوں کو پیٹھ پھیر کر بھاگتے دیکھ کر وہ انہیں کاٹتے گراتے ہوئے یوں لپکے، جیسے طاقتور بیل دوسرے بیلوں کو مغلوب کر کے ٹوٹ پڑتے ہیں۔

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तावकान्: your (men), your side's
• तावकान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तावक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• प्रेक्ष्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + ईक्ष्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• द्रवतः: running, fleeing
• द्रवतः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्रवत्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• पराङ्मुखान्: turned away, facing away
• पराङ्मुखान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पराङ्मुख
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अभ्यधावन्त: they ran towards / charged
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + धाव्
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• निष्णन्तः: slaying, striking down
• निष्णन्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + हन्
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वृषान्: bulls (metaph.: strong men)
• वृषान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• जित्वा: having conquered
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• वृषाः: bulls (metaph.: mighty ones)
• वृषाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• इव: like, as if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• tāvakāḥ (Kaurava troops)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ideal of steadfast courage in battle: turning one’s back and fleeing is portrayed as disgraceful, while resolute advance and protection of one’s side is praised through the image of powerful bulls overcoming rivals.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that, seeing the Kaurava soldiers retreating, the opposing fighters surge forward and cut them down, compared to victorious bulls pressing their advantage after defeating other bulls.