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Shloka 9

अध्याय १ — न्यग्रोधवनोपवेशनम् तथा द्रौणिनिश्चयः

Night at the Banyan and Drauṇi’s Resolve

न दिष्टमभ्यतिक्रान्तुं शक्‍्यं गावल्गणे नरै: । यत्‌ समेत्य रणे पार्थ: पुत्रो मम निपातित:,गवल्गणकुमार! कुन्तीके पुत्रोंने मिलकर रणभूमिमें जो मेरे पुत्रको धराशायी कर दिया है, इससे जान पड़ता है कि कोई भी मनुष्य दैवके विधानका उल्लंघन नहीं कर सकता

na diṣṭam abhyatikrāntuṁ śakyaṁ gāvalgaṇe naraiḥ | yat sametya raṇe pārthaḥ putro mama nipātitaḥ ||

اے گاولگن کے بیٹے! انسانوں کے لیے مقدر کے لکھے سے آگے بڑھنا ممکن نہیں۔ کیونکہ کُنتی کے بیٹوں نے مل کر میدانِ جنگ میں میرے بیٹے کو گرا دیا—اس سے ظاہر ہے کہ تقدیر کے حکم کی کوئی خلاف ورزی نہیں کر سکتا۔

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दिष्टम्destiny; what is ordained
दिष्टम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिष्ट
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अभ्यतिक्रान्तुम्to overstep; to transgress
अभ्यतिक्रान्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-√अति-क्रम्
Forminfinitive (tumun)
शक्यम्possible
शक्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्य
Formneuter, nominative, singular
गावल्गणेO Gāvalgaṇa
गावल्गणे:
TypeNoun
Rootगावल्गण
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
नरैःby men; by humans
नरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनर
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
यत्since; because (that)
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
समेत्यhaving come together; having assembled
समेत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-√इ
Formabsolutive (ktvā/lyap)
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
Formneuter, locative, singular
पार्थःPārtha (Arjuna)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
ममof me; my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formgenitive, singular
निपातितःwas felled; was slain
निपातितः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√पत्
Formpast passive participle (kta), masculine, nominative, singular
गवल्गणकुमारO son of Gavalgaṇa
गवल्गणकुमार:
TypeNoun
Rootगवल्गण-कुमार
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
कुन्तीकेof Kuntī
कुन्तीके:
TypeNoun
Rootकुन्ती
Formfeminine, genitive, singular
पुत्रैःby the sons
पुत्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
मिलकरtogether (Hindi gloss)
मिलकर:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिल्
रणभूमिमेंin the battlefield (Hindi gloss)
रणभूमिमें:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootरणभूमि
जोwho/which (Hindi gloss)
जो:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजो
मेरेmy (Hindi gloss)
मेरे:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमैं
पुत्रकोson (object-marker) (Hindi gloss)
पुत्रको:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुत्र
धराशायीfallen to the ground (Hindi gloss)
धराशायी:
TypeAdjective
Rootधरा-शायी
करhaving done (Hindi gloss)
कर:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृ
दियाgave/did (Hindi gloss)
दिया:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदा
हैis (Hindi gloss)
है:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअस्
इससेfrom this (Hindi gloss)
इससे:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयह
जानknow (Hindi gloss)
जान:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजान्
पड़ताseems (Hindi gloss)
पड़ता:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपड़्
हैis (Hindi gloss)
है:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअस्
किthat (Hindi gloss)
कि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकि
कोईany (Hindi gloss)
कोई:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकोई
भीeven/also (Hindi gloss)
भी:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभी
मनुष्यhuman (Hindi gloss)
मनुष्य:
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
दैवकेof fate/divine (Hindi gloss)
दैवके:
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
विधानकाordinance/rule (Hindi gloss)
विधानका:
TypeNoun
Rootविधान
उल्लंघनtransgression (Hindi gloss)
उल्लंघन:
TypeNoun
Rootउल्लङ्घन
नहींnot (Hindi gloss)
नहीं:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनहीं
करdo (Hindi gloss)
कर:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृ
सकताcan (Hindi gloss)
सकता:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशक्

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
G
Gāvalgaṇa
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
K
Kuntī
K
Kuntī’s sons (Pāṇḍavas)
S
Sañjaya’s ‘my son’ (contextually Duryodhana)
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the Mahābhārata’s recurring ethical reflection that human effort operates within the bounds of daiva (what is ordained). The fall of a mighty warrior is presented as evidence that destiny’s decree cannot be overridden by mere human power.

Sañjaya addresses the ‘son of Gāvalgaṇa’ and interprets the battlefield outcome: the sons of Kuntī, with Arjuna prominent, have brought down the Kaurava prince (contextually Duryodhana). He frames this defeat as the working out of fate.