Shloka 8

Devanagari script

प्रकालयेद्‌ दिश: सर्वा: प्रतोदेनेव सारथि: । प्रत्यमित्रश्रियं दीप्तां जिघ॒क्षुर्भरतर्षभ

Transliteration

prakalayed diśaḥ sarvāḥ pratodeneva sārathiḥ | pratyamittraśriyaṃ dīptāṃ jighakṣur bharatarṣabha ||

Translation

اے بھرتوں کے سَردار! جیسے رتھ بان کوڑا (پرتود) لگا کر گھوڑوں کو ابھارتا اور رتھ کو ہر سمت دوڑاتا ہے، ویسے ہی وہ دشمنوں کی دہکتی ہوئی خوشحالی کو کچل دینے کے ارادے سے ہر طرف یلغار کرے گا۔

Word by Word

• प्रकालयेत्: should drive/urge on
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + कल्
• Form: Vidhi-lin (optative), Parasmaipada, 3rd, singular

• दिशः: directions
• दिशः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश्
• Form: feminine, accusative, plural

• सर्वाः: all
• सर्वाः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: feminine, accusative, plural

• प्रतोदेन: with a goad/whip
• प्रतोदेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतोद
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

• इव: like/as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• सारथिः: a charioteer
• सारथिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सारथि
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• प्रत्यामित्रश्रियम्: the prosperity of the opposing enemy
• प्रत्यामित्रश्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रत्यामित्रश्री
• Form: feminine, accusative, singular

• दीप्ताम्: blazing, radiant
• दीप्ताम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप्त
• Form: feminine, accusative, singular

• जिघक्षुः: wishing to slay
• जिघक्षुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (desiderative: जिघक्ष्)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• भरतर्षभ: O bull among the Bharatas
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत + ऋषभ
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

दुर्योधन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Duryodhana
• Bharatarṣabha (honorific addressee)
• sārathi (charioteer)
• pratoda (goad/whip)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights a destructive ethical impulse: the will to diminish others’ prosperity out of rivalry. It implicitly warns that envy and the urge to ‘destroy the opponent’s glory’ propel conflict and undermine dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Duryodhana describes an aggressive drive—like a charioteer whipping horses—pushing action in all directions with the aim of crushing the opponents’ shining success, revealing his hostile intent and competitive resentment.