Shloka 4

Devanagari script

तेषां तन्‍्मतमाज्ञाय पुत्रो दुर्योधनस्तव । अवहारं ततश्षक्रे शल्यस्यानुमते नूप

Transliteration

teṣāṁ tan-matam ājñāya putro duryodhanas tava | avahāraṁ tataḥ cakre śalyasyānumate nṛpa ||

Translation

ان سب کی رائے جان کر، اے بادشاہ، تمہارے بیٹے دُریودھن نے شلیہ کی اجازت سے تب لشکر کو پسپا ہونے (حکمتِ عملی سے ہٹنے) کا حکم دیا۔

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, genitive, plural

• तत्: that (plan/intent)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• मतम्: opinion, intention
• मतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मत
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• आज्ञाय: having known
• आज्ञाय: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage)

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: ProperNoun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• तव: your
• तव: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, genitive, singular

• अवहारम्: withdrawal, removal (of command/position)
• अवहारम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवहार
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• चक्रे: did, made
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: लिट् (perfect), परस्मैपद, third, singular

• शल्यस्य: of Śalya
• शल्यस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: ProperNoun
• Root: शल्य
• Form: masculine, genitive, singular

• अनुमते: with the consent (in the consent)
• अनुमते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुमति
• Form: feminine, locative, singular

• नृप: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana
• Śalya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in warfare, action should follow discernment and counsel: Duryodhana acts after understanding a collective decision and with Śalya’s approval, highlighting accountable leadership rather than rashness.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duryodhana, having learned what the others had decided, executes a tactical withdrawal/disengagement, explicitly noting that it was done with Śalya’s consent.