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Shloka 16

कर्णेन सैन्यस्थापनं तथा नानायुद्धसमवायः

Karna Reforms the Host and Multiple Duels Converge

आ मत्स्येभ्य: कुरुपज्चालदेश्या आ नैमिषाच्चेदयो ये विशिष्टा: । धर्म पुराणमुपजीवन्ति सन्‍्तो मद्रानृते पाउ्चनदांश्व जिह्मान्‌

ā matsyebhyaḥ kurupañcāladeśyā ā naimiṣāc cedayo ye viśiṣṭāḥ | dharma-purāṇam upajīvanti santaḥ madrān ṛte pañcanadāṁś ca jihmān ||

کرن نے کہا—متسْی سے لے کر کُرو-پانچال کے دیس تک، اور نَیمِش سے لے کر چیدی تک جو لوگ بستے ہیں وہ ممتاز اور نیک ہیں؛ قدیم دھرم پر ہی ان کی زندگی قائم ہے۔ صرف مدر اور پنچنَد کے باشندے اس سے جدا ہیں—وہ کردار میں کج رو ہیں۔

up to; as far as
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मत्स्येभ्यःfrom the Matsyas (country/people)
मत्स्येभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
कुरु-पाञ्चाल-देश्याःthe inhabitants of the Kuru and Pañcāla regions
कुरु-पाञ्चाल-देश्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
up to; as far as
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नैमिषात्from Naimiṣa (Naimiṣāraṇya)
नैमिषात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनैमिष
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
चेदयःthe Cedis (people of Cedi)
चेदयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचेदि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विशिष्टाःdistinguished; excellent
विशिष्टाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्म-पुराणम्ancient dharma; the old tradition of righteousness
धर्म-पुराणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुराण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपजीवन्तिthey live by; they subsist on
उपजीवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-जीव्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सन्तःgood people; the virtuous
सन्तः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मद्रान्the Madras (people of Madra)
मद्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
ऋतेexcept; without
ऋते:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऋते
पाञ्चनदान्the Pañcanadas (people of the five-rivers region)
पाञ्चनदान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चनद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जिह्मान्crooked; deceitful
जिह्मान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजिह्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

कर्ण उवाच

K
Karna
M
Matsya
K
Kuru
P
Panchala
N
Naimisha (Naimisharanya)
C
Cedi (Chedi)
M
Madra
P
Panchnada (Pañcanada)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts communities said to uphold ‘ancient dharma’ with those portrayed as morally ‘crooked,’ using geography to frame a claim about ethical conduct and social reputation.

Karna is speaking and makes a sweeping assessment of different regions and peoples, praising many as virtuous adherents of old dharma while explicitly excluding the Madras and the Panchnada region, whom he condemns as deceitful.