Mahabharata 7.113.20 — Drona Parva, Adhyaya 113, Shloka 20

Adhyāya 113: Karṇa–Bhīma Śaravarṣa and the Battlefield Aftermath (कर्णभीमशरवर्षः)

Devanagari script

स त्वमद्य महाबाहो प्रियार्थ मम माधव । जयार्थ च यशो<र्थ च रक्ष राजानमाहवे

Transliteration

sa tvam adya mahābāho priyārthaṁ mama mādhava | jayārthaṁ ca yaśo'rthaṁ ca rakṣa rājānam āhave ||

Translation

پس اے مہاباہو مادھو! آج میری خاطر، فتح کے لیے اور اپنے یَش کی افزونی کے لیے میدانِ جنگ میں راجا یُدھشٹھِر کی حفاظت کرو۔

Word by Word

• सः: you (emphatic: that/so)
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य

• महाबाहो: O mighty-armed one
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: महाबाहु
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• प्रियार्थम्: for (my) pleasure / for what is dear
• प्रियार्थम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रियार्थ
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• मम: of me / my
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• माधव: O Mādhava (Krishna)
• Type: Noun (proper name, vocative)
• Root: माधव
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• जयार्थम्: for victory
• जयार्थम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जयार्थ
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यशोऽर्थम्: for fame/glory
• यशोऽर्थम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यशोर्थ
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• रक्ष: protect!
• Type: Verb
• Root: रक्ष्
• Form: Imperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

• राजानम्: the king
• राजानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आहवे: in battle
• आहवे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहव
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse links martial duty with ethical responsibility: safeguarding the righteous king is presented as a dharmic obligation, while also serving practical aims (victory) and social ideals (honor/renown).

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya addresses Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa), urging him to ensure Yudhiṣṭhira’s protection in the battle, emphasizing personal loyalty (“to please me”) alongside the strategic and reputational stakes of the war.