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Shloka 20

Yuga-Lakṣaṇa and Varṣa-Pramāṇa Inquiry (युगलक्षण–वर्षप्रमाण–प्रश्न)

धृतराष्ट्र रवाच सुमहान्‌ संशयो मेउद्य प्रोक्तोडयं संजय त्वया । प्रजा: कथं सूतपुत्र सम्प्राप्ता: श्यामतामिह,धृतराष्ट्र बोले--सूतपुत्र संजय! यह तो तुमने आज मुझसे महान्‌ संशयकी बात कही है। भला, वहाँ रहनेमात्रसे प्रजा श्यामताको कैसे प्राप्त हो गयी?

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca—sumahān saṁśayo me ’dya prokto ’yaṁ sañjaya tvayā | prajāḥ kathaṁ sūtaputra samprāptāḥ śyāmatām iha ||

دھرتراشٹر نے کہا—اے سوت پتر سنجے! آج تم نے میرے سامنے ایک نہایت بڑا شبہ بیان کیا ہے۔ وہاں محض رہنے سے ہی رعایا یہاں سیاہی (شیامتا) کو کیسے پہنچ گئی؟

धृतराष्ट्रःDhritarashtra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सुमहान्very great
सुमहान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अद्यtoday
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
प्रोक्तःspoken/told
प्रोक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive
अयम्this
अयम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संजयO Sanjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
प्रजाःpeople/subjects
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
सूतपुत्रO charioteer’s son
सूतपुत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootसूतपुत्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सम्प्राप्ताःhave attained/reached
सम्प्राप्ताः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-आप्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Plural, Active sense (intransitive: 'have reached')
श्यामताम्darkness/blackness (state of being dark)
श्यामताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्यामता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह

संजय उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how a ruler’s understanding can be clouded by uncertainty and second-hand reports; it foregrounds the ethical need for clarity and reliable perception before judgment, especially amid war and mass distress.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra reacts to Sañjaya’s description by expressing a strong doubt and asks how the people have become ‘darkened’ (gloom-stricken/obscured) merely by being present there, pressing Sañjaya for an explanation.