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Shloka 43

अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता

Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality

तस्माम्समित्रं श्राद्धकृन्नाद्रियेत दद्याम्मित्रेभ्य: संग्रहार्थ धनानि । यन्मन्यते नैव शत्रुं न मित्र त॑ मध्यस्थं भोजयेद्धव्यकव्ये

tasmāt samitraṁ śrāddhakṛn nādriyeta dadyān mitrebhyaḥ saṅgrahārthaṁ dhanāni | yan manyate naiva śatruṁ na mitraṁ taṁ madhyasthaṁ bhojayeddhavyakavye ||

بھیشم نے کہا—لہٰذا شرادھ کرنے والے کو شرادھ میں دوست کو خاص ترجیح دے کر مدعو نہیں کرنا چاہیے۔ اگر دوستوں کو خوش رکھنا ہو تو حسنِ تعلق قائم رکھنے کے لیے انہیں مال دینا مناسب ہے۔ مگر ہویہ و کویہ (havya-kavya) کی رسم میں اسی غیر جانب دار شخص کو کھلانا چاہیے جو نہ دشمن ہو نہ دوست—جسے آدمی مڈھستھ (neutral) سمجھے۔

तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
समित्रम्having/with a friend (i.e., a friend as object)
समित्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमित्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्राद्धकृत्the performer of śrāddha
श्राद्धकृत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्धकृत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आद्रियेतshould honor/should invite respectfully
आद्रियेत:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + दृ (आदर)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मित्रेभ्यःto friends
मित्रेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Dative, Plural
संग्रहार्थम्for the sake of maintaining/retaining (them)
संग्रहार्थम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसंग्रह + अर्थ
धनानिwealth/gifts
धनानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
यत्what/that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मन्यतेthinks/considers
मन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
शत्रुम्an enemy
शत्रुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मित्रम्a friend
मित्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्that person
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मध्यस्थम्neutral/indifferent
मध्यस्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यस्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भोजयेत्should feed/should cause to eat
भोजयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Causative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हव्यकव्येin the havya-and-kavya rites (offerings to gods and ancestors)
हव्यकव्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहव्यकव्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ś
śrāddha
H
havya
K
kavya
M
mitra
Ś
śatru
M
madhyastha

Educational Q&A

Śrāddha should be protected from partiality and social bargaining: do not invite friends out of affection or obligation; instead, maintain friendships through appropriate gifts, and in the rite feed an impartial, neutral person so the ritual remains pure and unbiased.

In his instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma lays down a practical rule for ancestral rites: the śrāddha performer should avoid choosing ritual guests based on friendship or enmity, and should select a neutral person for the havya-kavya meal.