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Shloka 3

Śrāddha-pravṛtti-kathana and Varjya-dravya-nirdeśa

Origin and Prohibitions in Śrāddha

भीष्मजीने कहा--युधिष्ठिर! श्राद्धवेत्ताओंने श्राद्ध-कल्पमें जो हविष्य नियत किये हैं, वे सब-के-सब काम्य हैं। मैं उनका तथा उनके फलका वर्णन करता हूँ, सुनो ।। तिलैब्रीहियवैर्माषैरद्भि्मूलफलैस्तथा । दत्तेन मासं प्रीयन्ते श्राद्धेन पितरो नृप,नरेश्वर! तिल, ब्रीहि, जौ, उड़द, जल और फल-मूलके द्वारा श्राद्ध करनेसे पितरोंको एक मासतक तृप्ति बनी रहती है

bhīṣma uvāca—yudhiṣṭhira! śrāddhavettābhiḥ śrāddhakalpe ye haviṣyāṇi niyatāni, tāni sarvāṇi kāmyāni. ahaṃ teṣāṃ ca teṣāṃ phalānāṃ ca varṇanaṃ karomi—śṛṇu. tilair vrīhiyavair māṣair adbhiḥ mūlaphalaiḥ tathā | dattena māsaṃ prīyante śrāddhena pitaro nṛpa ||

بھیشم نے کہا—“یُدھِشٹھِر! شرادھّ کے جاننے والوں نے شرادھّ-کلپ میں جن ہویشیوں کو مقرر کیا ہے وہ سب کامیہ (مراد برآور) ہیں؛ میں ان کے پھل بیان کرتا ہوں، سنو۔ اے نریشور! تل، بریہی (چاول)، جو، ماش (اُڑد)، پانی اور جڑ-پھل کے ساتھ شرادھّ کرنے سے پِتر ایک ماہ تک تَسکین پاتے ہیں۔”

तिलैःwith sesame seeds
तिलैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतिल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
ब्रीहियवैःwith rice and barley
ब्रीहियवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रीहियव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
माषैःwith black gram (urad)
माषैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमाष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अद्भिःwith water
अद्भिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
मूलफलैःwith roots and fruits
मूलफलैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमूलफल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
तथाand also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
दत्तेनby what is given/offered
दत्तेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदत्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मासम्for a month
मासम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रीयन्तेare pleased / become satisfied
प्रीयन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्री (प्रीञ्)
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Plural
श्राद्धेनby the śrāddha rite
श्राद्धेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
पितरःthe ancestors
पितरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
P
Pitrs (ancestors)
S
shraddha
H
havisya (oblations)
S
sesame (tila)
R
rice (vrīhi)
B
barley (yava)
B
black gram (māṣa)
W
water (ap)
R
roots and fruits (mūla-phala)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that specific, scripturally prescribed śrāddha offerings (haviṣya)—such as sesame, rice, barley, black gram, water, and roots/fruits—produce definite results: they please the ancestors, here stated as granting satisfaction for a month. The ethical emphasis is on performing ancestral duties according to śāstra with proper materials and intention.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising King Yudhishthira on dharma. Here he begins enumerating the kinds of śrāddha offerings and the duration of benefit they confer upon the Pitṛs, starting with a set of common ritual substances and their one-month effect.