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Shloka 22

Brāhmaṇa-vandana: Criteria for Veneration, Disciplined Speech, and Protective Kingship (अनुशासनपर्व, अध्याय ८)

नारी तु पत्यभावे वै देवरं कुरुते पतिम्‌ । पृथिवी ब्राह्मणालाभे क्षत्रियं कुरुते पतिम्‌,जैसे नारी पतिके अभावमें देवरको पति बनाती है, उसी प्रकार पृथ्वी ब्राह्मणके न मिलनेपर ही क्षत्रियको अपना अधिपति बनाती है

nārī tu patyabhāve vai devaraṃ kurute patim | pṛthivī brāhmaṇālābhe kṣatriyaṃ kurute patim |

بھیشم نے کہا—جیسے عورت شوہر کے نہ ہونے پر دیور کو شوہر کے طور پر قبول کر لیتی ہے، اسی طرح زمین برہمن کے نہ ملنے پر کشتری کو اپنا حاکم مان لیتی ہے۔

नारीwoman
नारी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पत्यभावेin the absence of a husband
पत्यभावे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपति-अभाव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वैindeed/verily
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
देवरम्the husband's younger brother (brother-in-law)
देवरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुरुतेmakes/appoints
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
पतिम्husband
पतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पृथिवीthe earth
पृथिवी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणालाभेin the non-attainment/absence of a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणालाभे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण-अलाभ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्षत्रियम्a Kshatriya
क्षत्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुरुतेmakes/appoints
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
पतिम्husband/lord
पतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nārī (woman)
D
devara (brother-in-law)
P
Pṛthivī (Earth)
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches a hierarchy of rightful leadership: ideally the Brāhmaṇa (as dharma-guiding authority) is foremost, but when that is unavailable, the Kṣatriya is accepted as ruler-protector to preserve order; the analogy illustrates pragmatic dharma—choosing the next-best legitimate support in a crisis.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma and governance, he uses a social analogy (a widow accepting the devara) to explain how the Earth/kingdom accepts a Kṣatriya’s sovereignty when a Brāhmaṇa is not present to lead—emphasizing continuity of protection and rule.