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Shloka 14

Go-dāna-stuti and Ghṛta-Japa

Praise of cow-gift and ghee-centered recitation

एवं तस्याग्रे पूर्वमर्ध वदेत गवां दाता विधिवत पूर्वदृष्ट: । प्रतिब्रूयाच्छेषमर्ध द्विजाति: प्रतिगृह्नन्‌ वै गोप्रदाने विधिज्ञ:

evaṁ tasyāgre pūrvam ardhaṁ vadet gavāṁ dātā vidhivat pūrva-dṛṣṭaḥ | pratibrūyāc cheṣam ardhaṁ dvijātir pratigṛhṇan vai go-pradāne vidhi-jñaḥ ||

(dātā:) yā vai yūyaṁ so ’ham agādyaiva bhāvo yuṣmān dattvā cāham ātma-pradātā |

(pratigrahītā:) manaḥ-śyutā mana evopapannāḥ sandhukṣadhvaṁ saumya-rūpogra-rūpāḥ ||

بھیشم نے کہا: جب گائے کے دان کی رسم ادا کی جائے تو داتا پہلے لینے والے کی نظر کے سامنے آئے اور قاعدے کے مطابق آدھا شلوک پڑھے۔ پھر گودان کی विधि جاننے والا دوِج (برہمن) دान قبول کرتے ہوئے باقی آدھا شلوک جواب میں پڑھے۔ داتا کہے: “تم جیسی ہو ویسا ہی میں ہوں؛ تم میں اور مجھ میں کوئی بھید نہیں۔ آج تمہیں دان دے کر میں نے حقیقت میں اپنی ہی ذات کو دان کر دیا ہے۔” گرہیتا کہے: “اے وہ جو من سے پیدا ہو اور من ہی میں قائم ہو، اپنے نرم اور اپنے ہیبت ناک—دونوں روپ اختیار کرو۔ داتا کی ملکیت سے نکل کر اب میرے اختیار میں آ کر مطلوبہ بھوگ عطا کرو اور مجھے اور داتا—دونوں کو راضی کرو۔”

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
अग्रेin front; before
अग्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअग्र
Formneuter, locative, singular
पूर्वम्first; previously
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
अर्धम्half (of the verse)
अर्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्ध
Formneuter, accusative, singular
वदेत्should say/recite
वदेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
Formoptative, third, singular, parasmaipada
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
Formfeminine, genitive, plural
दाताthe giver (donor)
दाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदातृ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
विधिवत्according to rule; duly
विधिवत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविधिवत्
पूर्वदृष्टःpreviously seen; first encountered
पूर्वदृष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्वदृष्ट
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्रतिब्रूयात्should reply/respond
प्रतिब्रूयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिब्रू
Formoptative, third, singular, parasmaipada
शेषम्the remaining (half)
शेषम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशेष
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अर्धम्half
अर्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्ध
Formneuter, accusative, singular
द्विजातिःthe twice-born (brahmin)
द्विजातिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्रतिगृह्णन्accepting
प्रतिगृह्णन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिग्रह्
Formpresent active, masculine, nominative, singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
गोप्रदानेin the giving of cows; in cow-donation
गोप्रदाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगोप्रदान
Formneuter, locative, singular
विधिज्ञःknowing the rite/rule
विधिज्ञः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविधिज्ञ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (भीष्म)
D
donor (दाता)
T
twice-born recipient/Brahmin (द्विजाति)
C
cows (गाः/गवाम्)
C
cow-gift rite (गोप्रदान)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames cow-gift (go-dāna) as a dharmic act requiring correct ritual speech and intention: the donor identifies himself with the gift (“giving you is giving myself”), while the recipient ritually acknowledges the transfer of ownership and invokes the cows’ beneficent power to bring welfare to both parties.

Bhishma instructs on the formal exchange of recitations during go-dāna: first the donor recites a prescribed half-verse upon coming before the recipient; then the Brahmin recipient, while accepting the gift, recites the remaining half-verse as a ritual response completing the transaction.