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Shloka 9

गवां लोकवर्णनं तथा गोप्रदानफलश्रुतिः

Description of the ‘World of Cows’ and the Stated Fruits of Cow-Gift

प्रचोदनं देवकृतं गवां कर्मसु वर्तताम्‌ । पूर्वमेवाक्षरं चान्यदभिधेयं तत: परम्‌,देवताओंने भी यज्ञके लिये भूमि जोतते समय बैलोंको डंडे आदिसे हाँका था। अतः पहले यज्ञके लिये ही बैलोंको जोतना या हाँकना श्रेयस्कर माना गया है। उससे भिन्न कर्मके लिये बैलोंको जोतना या डंडे आदिसे हाँकना निन्दनीय है

bhīṣma uvāca | pracodanaṃ devakṛtaṃ gavāṃ karmasu vartatām | pūrvam evākṣaraṃ cānyad abhidhēyaṃ tataḥ param |

یَجْن کے کام میں لگے مویشیوں کو ہانکنے کی رسم سب سے پہلے دیوتاؤں نے قائم کی۔ اس لیے اصل قاعدہ یہی ہے کہ یَجْن کے لیے بیلوں کو جوتنا اور ہانکنا قابلِ ستائش ہے؛ مگر یَجْن کے سوا دوسرے کاموں کے لیے انہیں جوتنا یا ڈنڈے وغیرہ سے ہانکنا قابلِ مذمت ہے۔

प्रचोदनम्impelling/urging (goading)
प्रचोदनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रचोदन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
देवकृतम्done by the gods
देवकृतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवकृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
गवाम्of the cattle/oxen
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
कर्मसुin (their) tasks/works
कर्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
वर्तताम्let them proceed/engage
वर्तताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormImperative (Lot), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
पूर्वम्formerly/first
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अक्षरम्a syllable/word
अक्षरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यत्another/different
अन्यत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अभिधेयम्to be expressed/denoted
अभिधेयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअभिधेय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ततःthereafter/then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
परम्afterwards/later
परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपर

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
devas (gods)
G
gāvaḥ (cattle/oxen)
Y
yajña (sacrifice) (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma distinguishes between sanctioned and unsanctioned use of force toward animals: driving/yoking cattle is justified only within divinely sanctioned sacrificial duty, while doing so for other ends is blameworthy.

In his instruction on dharma, Bhishma explains the origin and proper scope of goading cattle: the gods first employed it for sacrificial work, establishing a precedent that limits such treatment to ritual necessity.