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Shloka 14

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

एते5पि सदृशान्‌ वर्णान्‌ जनयन्ति स्वयोनिषु । मातृजात्या: प्रसूयन्ते हवरा हीनयोनिषु

Bhīṣma uvāca: ete 'pi sadṛśān varṇān janayanti svayoniṣu | mātṛjātyāḥ prasūyante 'varā hīna-yoniṣu ||

یہ ورن سنکر بھی جب اپنی ہی جاتی کی عورت کے ساتھ ملاپ کرتے ہیں تو اپنے ہی مانند ورن کی اولاد پیدا کرتے ہیں؛ لیکن جب اپنے سے کمتر جاتی کی عورت سے تعلق رکھتے ہیں تو کمتر نسل پیدا ہوتی ہے، اور ایسی اولاد ماں کی جاتی کے مطابق سمجھی جاتی ہے۔

एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सदृशान्similar
सदृशान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसदृश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वर्णान्classes/castes
वर्णान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
जनयन्तिbeget/produce
जनयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (जनयति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
स्वयोनिषुin their own wombs/within their own kind
स्वयोनिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-योनि
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
मातृजात्याःfrom the mother's caste/lineage
मातृजात्याः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ-जाति
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
प्रसूयन्तेare born/are produced
प्रसूयन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootसू (प्रसूयते)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
हवराHavaras (a mixed/low group; reading uncertain)
हवरा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहवरा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हीनयोनिषुin inferior wombs/among lower births
हीनयोनिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहीन-योनि
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a dharma-śāstra style claim: unions within one’s own varṇa are said to yield offspring of the same status, while unions with lower-born women are said to produce ‘inferior’ offspring, whose social identity is counted by the mother’s lineage.

Bhishma is instructing (as a dharma-teacher figure in Anuśāsana Parva) on norms of marriage, lineage, and social classification, explaining how different kinds of unions are traditionally believed to affect the status of children.