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Shloka 56

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

शूद्रस्य स्थात्‌ सवर्णव भार्या नान्या कथंचन । समभागाश्र पुत्रा: स्युर्यदि पुत्रशतं भवेत्‌

śūdrasya syāt savarṇā bhāryā nānyā kathaṃcana | samabhāgāś ca putrāḥ syur yadi putraśataṃ bhavet ||

بھیشم نے کہا—شُودر کی بیوی صرف اسی کے اپنے ورن کی ہونی چاہیے، کسی اور طرح نہیں۔ اور اس کے بیٹے، خواہ سو ہی کیوں نہ ہوں، باپ کے مال میں برابر حصّوں کے حق دار ہیں۔

शूद्रस्यof a Shudra
शूद्रस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
स्यात्should be / may be
स्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सवर्णाof the same varna/caste
सवर्णा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसवर्ण
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्याanother (woman)
अन्या:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कथंचनin any way / at all
कथंचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथंचन
समभागाःhaving equal shares
समभागाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसमभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्युःshould be / may be
स्युः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
पुत्रशतम्a hundred sons
पुत्रशतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रशत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be / were to be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śūdra
W
wife (bhāryā)
S
sons (putrāḥ)
P
paternal property/inheritance (implied by samabhāga)

Educational Q&A

The verse states two normative rules: (1) a Śūdra’s marriage is prescribed within the same varṇa (savarṇa), and (2) all sons have equal entitlement to the father’s estate, regardless of how many there are.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-instruction setting, Bhīṣma is laying down social and legal norms concerning marriage eligibility and the distribution of inheritance among sons.