Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 19

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

युधिछिर उवाच शुल्कमन्येन दत्तं स्याद्‌ ददानीत्याह चापर: । बलादन्य: प्रभाषेत धनमन्य: प्रदर्शयेत्‌

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca— śulkam anyena dattaṃ syād dadānīty āha cāparaḥ | balād anyaḥ prabhāṣeta dhanam anyaḥ pradarśayet |

یُدھشٹھِر نے کہا—اے پیتامہ! اگر ایک شخص نے کنیا-شُلک ادا کر کے نکاح طے کر لیا ہو، دوسرا ‘میں ادا کروں گا’ کہہ کر وعدے سے طے کر چکا ہو، تیسرا زور زبردستی سے لڑکی کو لے جانے کی بات کرے، چوتھا زیادہ مال دکھا کر اس کے رشتہ داروں کو لالچ دے، اور پانچواں پہلے ہی پाणی گرہن (ہاتھ پکڑنے کی رسم) کر چکا ہو—تو دھرم کے مطابق وہ کنیا کس کی بیوی مانی جائے؟ ہم اس معاملے کا حقیقی اصول جاننا چاہتے ہیں؛ آپ ہمارے لیے آنکھ اور رہنما بنیں۔

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शुल्कम्bride-price; fee
शुल्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्येनby another (man)
अन्येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दत्तम्given
दत्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्might be / would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ददानीति"I give" (saying so)
ददानीति:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada, इति
आहsaid
आह:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपरःanother (man)
अपरः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बलात्by force
बलात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अन्यःanother (man)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभाषेतmight speak / might declare
प्रभाषेत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-भाष्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धनम्wealth; money
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्यःanother (man)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रदर्शयेत्might show / might display
प्रदर्शयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दृश्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma, implied addressee)
Ś
śulka (bride-price)
D
dhanam (wealth)
P
pāṇigrahaṇa (hand-taking marriage rite, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-legal problem: when multiple men assert competing claims over a maiden through payment, promise, wealth inducement, coercion, or completed ritual, which claim is valid. It invites a principled hierarchy of legitimacy—privileging lawful procedure and completed sacramental acts over mere promises, bribery, or force.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira consults Bhīṣma on subtle points of conduct. Here he presents a complex marriage dispute with several claimants and asks Bhīṣma to determine, according to dharma, who should be regarded as the rightful husband.