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Shloka 39

ये विश्वके निवासस्थान और निर्गुण हैं। इन्हींको वासुदेव, जीवभूत संकर्षण, प्रद्युम्न और चौथा अनिरुद्ध कहते हैं। ये आत्मयोनि परमात्मा सबको अपनी आज्ञाके अधीन रखते हैं

ye viśvake nivāsasthānaṃ ca nirguṇāḥ | etān eva vāsudevaḥ, jīvabhūtaḥ saṅkarṣaṇaḥ, pradyumnaḥ, caturthaś cāniruddha iti vadanti | te ātmayoniḥ paramātmā sarvān svājñāyā adhīnaṃ kurvanti |

بھیشم نے کہا—وہی کائنات کا مسکن اور گُنوں سے ماورا ہے۔ اہلِ دانش اسے واسودیو، جیو-تتّو روپ سنکرشن، پردیومن اور چوتھا انیرُدھ کہتے ہیں۔ خودبُود اور پرماتما ہو کر وہ سب کو اپنی ہی فرمانروائی کے تحت رکھتا ہے۔

येthese (who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विश्वकेof the universe
विश्वके:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootविश्व
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
निवासस्थानabodes/dwelling-places
निवासस्थान:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिवासस्थान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निर्गुणwithout qualities; attributeless
निर्गुण:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्गुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हन्तिis/are (intended: 'are')
हन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular
एतान्these (as object)
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
एवindeed; only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
वासुदेवVāsudeva
वासुदेव:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवासुदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जीवभूतas the living principle; having become a jīva
जीवभूत:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवभूत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संकर्षणSaṅkarṣaṇa
संकर्षण:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंकर्षण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रद्युम्नPradyumna
प्रद्युम्न:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चतुर्थम्the fourth
चतुर्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनिरुद्धम्Aniruddha
अनिरुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनिरुद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey call; they say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural
येthese (who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आत्मयोनिself-born; having the self as source
आत्मयोनि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मयोनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परमात्मानःthe Supreme Selves; Supreme Soul(s)
परमात्मानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरमात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वान्all (beings)
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
स्वाम्their own
स्वाम्:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootस्व
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आज्ञाम्command; authority
आज्ञाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआज्ञा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अधीनान्subject to; under control
अधीनान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअधीन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कुर्वन्तिthey make; they keep
कुर्वन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
Vāsudeva
S
Saṅkarṣaṇa
P
Pradyumna
A
Aniruddha
P
Paramātmā

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a theological-metaphysical doctrine: the Supreme, beyond material qualities (nirguṇa), is the cosmic abode and governs all beings. This Supreme is described through the fourfold manifestation (Vāsudeva, Saṅkarṣaṇa, Pradyumna, Aniruddha), emphasizing divine sovereignty and the ordered governance of the world.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and higher truths. Here he shifts to a devotional and philosophical exposition, identifying the Supreme Lord’s forms and affirming that all beings remain under the Lord’s command.