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Shloka 21

ईशान: प्राणद: प्राणो ज्येष्ठ: श्रेष्ठ: प्रजापति: । हिरण्यगर्भो भूगर्भो माधवों मधुसूदन:

īśānaḥ prāṇadaḥ prāṇo jyeṣṭhaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ prajāpatiḥ | hiraṇyagarbho bhūgarbho mādhavo madhusūdanaḥ ||

بھیشم نے کہا: وہ ایشان ہے، تمام موجودات کا حاکم؛ پرانَد ہے، سب کو سانسِ حیات دینے والا؛ اور خود ہی پران، یعنی جانِ حیات ہے۔ علتِ اوّل ہونے سے وہ جَیَشٹھ (سب سے بڑا) ہے، اور کمال میں وہ شریشٹھ (سب سے افضل)۔ وہ پرجاپتی ہے—مخلوقات کا ربّ۔ وہ ہِرن्यگربھ ہے—سنہری کائناتی بیضے میں تخلیق کے سرچشمے کی طرح محیط؛ اور بھوگربھ ہے—جو زمین کو اپنے بطن میں تھامے رکھتا ہے۔ وہ مادھو ہے—لکشمی کا پتی؛ اور مدھوسودن—دیوِ مدھو کا قاتل۔

ईशानःthe ruler, lord
ईशानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootईशान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राणदःgiver of life-breath
प्राणदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राणःlife-breath; vital force
प्राणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्येष्ठःeldest; foremost
ज्येष्ठः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रेष्ठःbest; most excellent
श्रेष्ठः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजापतिःlord of creatures; progenitor
प्रजापतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजापति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिरण्यगर्भःHiraṇyagarbha (the golden-embryo/cosmic source)
हिरण्यगर्भः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहिरण्यगर्भ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूगर्भःone whose womb contains the earth; earth-holder
भूगर्भः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूगर्भ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माधवःMādhava (Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa; consort of Lakṣmī)
माधवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमाधव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मधुसूदनःslayer of Madhu
मधुसूदनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमधुसूदन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ī
Īśāna (the Lord)
P
Prajāpati
H
Hiraṇyagarbha
B
Bhū (Earth)
M
Mādhava (Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)
M
Madhusūdana (Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)
M
Madhu (demon)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches devotion grounded in understanding: the Divine is praised as ruler, life-giver, primal cause, cosmic source, world-supporter, and destroyer of evil. Remembering such names cultivates humility (dependence on the life-giver), ethical steadiness (aligning with the supreme), and trust in divine protection.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs and uplifts by reciting and explaining divine epithets. Here he continues a sequence of names (commonly associated with Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa) that describe the Lord’s sovereignty, creative pervasion, sustaining power, and heroic destruction of demonic forces.