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Shloka 38

Viṣṇu-sahasranāma—Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Recitation (विष्णोर्नामसहस्रम्)

ब्रह्महा चैव गोघ्नक्ष परदाररतश्न यः । अश्रद्दधानश्न नर: स्त्रियं यश्चोपजीवति

brahmahā caiva goghnaś ca paradārarataś ca yaḥ | aśraddadhānaś ca naraḥ striyaṃ yaś copajīvati ||

یَم نے کہا: “برہمن کا قاتل، گائے کا قاتل، پرائی عورت کا دلدادہ، بے شردھا (بے ایمان) آدمی، اور وہ جو عورت کے سہارے روزی کماتا ہے—یہی وہ پانچ قسم کے بدکردار ہیں جن کا ذکر ہوا ہے۔”

ब्रह्महाa slayer of a Brahmin
ब्रह्महा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्महन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
गोघ्नःa cow-killer
गोघ्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोघ्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परदाररतःone devoted to another's wife (adulterer)
परदाररतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरदाररत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्रद्दधानःfaithless; not having faith
अश्रद्दधानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-श्रद्दधान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्त्रियम्a woman
स्त्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपजीवतिlives by; subsists on
उपजीवति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-जीव्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

यम उवाच

Y
Yama

Educational Q&A

The verse classifies five forms of grave moral failure—brahma-hatyā, go-hatyā, adultery, faithlessness toward dharma, and living by improper dependence—presenting them as paradigmatic ‘durācāra’ (depraved conduct) to be avoided.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s didactic setting, Yama is speaking as a moral authority, enumerating and defining categories of serious wrongdoing as part of a broader instruction on righteous conduct and its opposites.